“…Thus, for a bismuth dose of 5 × 10 10 cm -2 , ≈ D 0 . Investigations of poly mers, alkali halide crystals, and semiconductors A 3 B 5 have shown that ion tracks in solids consist of narrow cores surrounded by defective halos [19][20][21][22]. Since a the halos are highly defective, the etching rate in the region of a halo should be higher than the undamaged bulk etching rate.…”