Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties

Birch, Eileen E.; Kelly, Krista R.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.06.013

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Importantly, reading comprehension did not differ significantly between amblyopic children and controls, nor did fixation duration or number of regressive eye movements. [52][53][54] Taken together, these findings suggest that amblyopic children did not read slowly because they had dyslexia or a learning disability. In fact, amblyopic children show low (<5%) prevalence for specific reading disability on the Wide Range Achievement Test II (WRAT II), similar to control children.…”

Section: Readingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

Birch

Kelly

Giaschi

2019

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility

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Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system, as a result of discordant visual experience during infancy or early childhood. Because amblyopia is typically defined as monocularly reduced visual acuity accompanied by one or more known amblyogenic factors, it is often assumed that the fellow eye is normal and sufficient for tasks like reading and eye-hand coordination. Recent scientific evidence of ocular motor, visual, and visuomotor deficits that are present with fellow eye monocular viewing and with binocular viewing calls this assumption into question. This clinical update reviews the research that has revealed fellow ocular motor and visual deficits and the effect that these deficits have on an amblyopic child's visuomotor and visuocognitive skills. We need to understand how to prevent and rehabilitate the effects of amblyopia not only on the nonpreferred eye but also on the fellow eye.

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Section: Readingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

Birch

Kelly

Giaschi

2019

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility

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“…Amblyopia is the most common cause of reduced monocular visual acuity (VA) in children, affecting between 0.8% and 5% of children in the USA, [1][2][3] and is associated with dysfunctions of accommodation, fixation, binocularity, vergence, reading speed, contrast sensitivity and fine motor skills. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Despite these well-documented effects of amblyopia on vision-related functioning, the everyday-life impact of amblyopia on a child and their family is poorly characterized. Most previous studies assess the impact of amblyopia treatment, 15 but few have used eye-related or vision-specific instruments to evaluate the effects of amblyopia itself on children and their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Residual Amblyopia on Functional Vision and Eye-related Quality of Life Using the PedEyeQ

Hatt

Castañeda

Wernimont

et al. 2020

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of residual amblyopia on functional vision and eye-related quality of life (ER-QOL) in children and their families using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ). Design: Prospective cross-sectional studyMethods: Seventeen children with residual amblyopia (no current treatment except glasses), 48 visually normal controls without glasses and 19 controls wearing glasses (aged 8-11 years) completed the Child 5-11 year PedEyeQ. One parent for each child completed the Proxy 5-11 PedEyeQ, Parent PedEyeQ. Rasch-calibrated domain scores were calculated for each questionnaire domain and compared between amblyopic children and controls.Results: PedEyeQ scores were significantly lower (worse) for children with residual amblyopia than for controls without glasses across all domains; Child PedEyeQ greatest mean difference 18 points worse on functional vision domain (95% CI −29 to −7; P<.001); Proxy PedEyeQ greatest mean difference 31 points worse on functional vision domain (95% CI −39 to −24; P<.001); Parent PedEyeQ greatest mean difference 34 points worse on the worry about the child's eye condition domain (95% CI −46 to −22; P<.001). Compared with controls wearing glasses, PedEyeQ scores were lower for residual amblyopia on the Child frustration / worry domain (P=.03), on four of five Proxy domains (P≤ .05) and on three of four Parent domains (P≤ .05). Conclusions:Residual amblyopia affects functional vision and ER-QOL in children. Parents of amblyopic children also experience lower quality of life. These data help broaden our understanding of the everyday-life impact of childhood residual amblyopia.

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“…Amblyopia, the most frequent cause of monocular visual loss in childhood, 1 , 2 affects up to 3.6% of the population. 3 It is associated with abnormal visual experience in early development, like strabismus, anisometropia, high refractive error, and cataract.…”

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confidence: 99%