Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Vítor, Rute F.; Lidon, Fernando C.; Maia, Maria Isabel; Medeira, M.C.; Guerreiro, António

doi:10.1051/fruits:2001109

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It was determined that the fatty acids in pitted tissues had not fully degraded. Through the release of oxidative products, tonoplast disruption in damaged cells hastened the spread of disorder to neighboring cells, preventing organelles and membranes from functioning normally ( Filipe Vitor et al., 2001 ; Magwaza et al., 2014 ). An alternative significant contributing factor to rind disorder in Satsuma mandarin is thought to be phytohormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin

Pervaiz,

Park,

Rezk

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Citrus fruit’s appearance is the primary criterion used to assess its quality for the fresh market, hence the rind’s condition is a crucial quality trait. Pre-harvest rind disorder is one of the major physiological problems in mandarins. The disorder occurs right before harvest following rain events in some Mandarin varieties. Despite the economic damage caused by this kind of disorder, very limited information is available about the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of this disorder. In the present study, we evaluated the primary metabolites, antioxidants, and hormones associated with the pre-harvest rind disorder in Mandarins. The study was carried out using ten-year-old ‘Owari’ Satsuma mandarin trees grafted on ‘Carrizo’ rootstock and grown in a commercial orchard in San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Samples were collected from healthy tissue of healthy fruit (HF_HT), healthy tissue of damaged fruit (DF_HT), and damaged tissue of damaged fruit (DF_DT). Damaged fruit (DF_HT and DF_DT) showed lower cellulose concentrations than healthy fruit tissues (HF_HT), however, had similar contents of pectin and hemicellulose. The antioxidant activities showed no significant difference in all paired comparisons between samples as expressed in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, DF_DT had a higher H2O2 content compared to HF_HT, but DF_HT had a similar content to that of HF_HT. Furthermore, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were increased in DF_DT compared to HF_HT (P = 0.0294) and DF_HT (P = 0.0044), respectively. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 76 metabolites were identified in Satsuma rind tissues, and the relative concentrations of 43 metabolites were significantly different across studied samples. The hormonal analysis showed the involvement of jasmonate O-methyltransferase, jasmonic acid-amido synthetase JAR1-like, and JA-isoleucine may key role in causing the rind disorder in mandarins. In addition, the damaged fruit tissues have a higher level of jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and JA-isoleucine than undamaged tissue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin

Pervaiz,

Park,

Rezk

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Small discontinuities in cuticle were observed, even in apparently healthy flavedo. Vitor et al (2000) verified that rindstain in 'Encore' mandarin may be the result of an oxidative stress induced in epicarp by high light intensity. The same authors verified a significant decrease in the number of spots when a shade net of 50% of solar radiation was applied from the first stages of fruit development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Vitor et al (1999) verified that the injured tissues had an increase of senescence rate in localised epicarp cells associated with the degradation of cell membranes, in a metabolism that seemed to be modulated by the oxidative modifications that occur in cell compartments. The same authors indicated that high light intensities may induce an oxidative stress in the 'Encore' epicarp which is characterised by an increase of peroxidation and degradation of cytoplasmic membranes (Vitor et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest rindstain of ‘Encore’ mandarin: initial histological signs of epicarp disturbance and extent of the disorder

Maia¹,

Medeira²,

Pinto

et al. 2004

Scientia Horticulturae

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Pre-harvest rindstain in 'Encore' mandarin starts by the injury of a few epidermal cells. The connection between the damaged epidermis and the collapsed layers of flavedo, extending in parallel with rind surface was only visible on cross-sections containing the narrow zone of injured epidermal cells. The individual cell alteration including loss of membrane integrity and the accumulation of large amounts of osmiophilic materials in the cytoplasm are the result of a degrading process. Minute disruptions in the cuticle may provide shelters for resting forms of amoeboid or plasmodial-like organisms living on the rind. Our results suggest that these organisms could be involved in the disorder expression.

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“…El oscurecimiento de las manchas del flavedo de mandarina 'Encore' también ha sido asociado al incremento en la velocidad de oxidación de sustancias fenólicas. En estos frutos, como consecuencia de la rotura del tonoplasto de las células dañadas, se redujo la actividad catalasa y se incrementó la superóxido dismutasa (Vitor et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Manchado de mandarina Satsuma ‘Okitsu’: descripción anatómica, efecto de factores ambientales y manejo postcosecha

Zócalo¹,

Gambetta

Rey

et al. 2018

Agrociencia

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En la cáscara de mandarina Satsuma 'Okitsu' se detectó en Uruguay un manchado durante la postcosecha, ocasionando en algunos años importantes pérdidas. En este trabajo se estudió el daño a nivel micro y macroscópico, su asociación con factores ambientales previos a la cosecha y el efecto del desverdizado y encerado de frutos sobre su incidencia y severidad. A partir de los 15 días de almacenamiento, se visualizó entre las glándulas de aceite una zona irregular de color pardo. Luego de 15 días de mostrador, en las zonas con síntomas más severos, se observó colapso de células subepidérmicas, avanzando hacia el parénquima subyacente y en algunos casos hacia la epidermis, sin afectar a la cutícula. En los dos primeros años evaluados, la incidencia de frutos manchados fue de 17 % y 7 % respectivamente, mientras que en los dos últimos no se registraron frutos afectados. La mayor incidencia se asoció a un período de mayor temperatura máxima, menor humedad relativa y menores precipitaciones durante los 10 días previos a la cosecha. El desverdizado no afectó la incidencia de frutos manchados a los 30 días de almacenamiento + 15 de vida de mostrador, mientras que el encerado de frutos la disminuyó en más de un 50 %. Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones ambientales precosecha favorables a la deshidratación de frutos y/o las condiciones postcosecha que no logren evitar la pérdida de agua, promueven el manchado de los frutos de mandarina Satsuma 'Okitsu'.

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Peel pitting of Encore mandarin fruits: etiology, control and implications in fruit quality

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin

Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin

Pre-harvest rindstain of ‘Encore’ mandarin: initial histological signs of epicarp disturbance and extent of the disorder

Manchado de mandarina Satsuma ‘Okitsu’: descripción anatómica, efecto de factores ambientales y manejo postcosecha

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