Pelvic relaxation and associated risk factors, The results of logistic regression analysis

Abstract

Good family planning programs to reduce grandmultiparity and unnecessary curettage for undesired pregnancies, preventing harmful home deliveries by inexperienced people, and fearless usage of episiotomy in difficult deliveries are necessary to prevent pelvic relaxation.

Perineal outcome and the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction: A cohort study of primiparous women

“…Furthermore, anterior perineal trauma occurs less often where an episiotomy is performed, suggesting that it may protect against trauma in this region . In this study, the lowest rate of UI was seen in women who had an episiotomy performed, agreeing with several researchers and disputing others, some of which found that episiotomy significantly increased the risk of UI and others finding similar levels of morbidity . Several limitations prevent clinical recommendations being made: few investigators examined PFD across broad groups of perineal trauma, with different grades of tears grouped together for analysis; episiotomy was excluded from analysis in many studies; and UI was reported as present or absent, not the impact on QOL.…”

Dyspareunia in Postmenopausal Women: A Critical Review

“…Pelvic floor abnormalities have been associated with menopause (65,66). The pelvic floor musculature can be pathologically dys-synergistic, hypertonic or hypotonic (67).…”

“…The pelvic floor musculature can be pathologically dys-synergistic, hypertonic or hypotonic (67). Postmenopausal women are more commonly affected by pelvic floor hypotonus (65,66,68). This may cause deep dyspareunia due to lack of pelvic stability (67).…”

A systematic review of clinical studies on hereditary factors in pelvic organ prolapse

“…The aetiology of POP is considered to be multifactorial. Research groups investigated a large variety of risk factors for POP, such as parity [2, 4–11], body mass index (BMI) [2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10–13], menopausal state [4, 7–10, 12, 14] and previous hysterectomy [2, 9, 11, 13] with often conflicting results. One of the reasons for these conflicting results might be the fact that not all women are equally susceptible to POP.…”