Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi Sebagai Bioplastik Dengan Menggunakan Metode Perlakuan Pelarut Organik

Abstract

Jerami padi memilki kandungan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bioplastik dari bahan baku jerami padi menggunakan perlakuan pelarut organik serta menganalisis pengaruh rasio massa pati dengan selulosa karakteristik produk bioplastik. Proses delignifikasi jerami menggunakan larutan etanol 5% dan 35% pada suhu 80oC selama dua jam. Bioplastik dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa sebesar 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:1,5. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, uji tarik, uji transmisi uap, serta uji degradasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi menggunakan etanol menyebabkan peningkatan kadar selulosa serta kristalinitas jerami. Morfologi bioplastik menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak rata serta terdapat bagian matriks yang terpisah dengan fiber. Hasil TG-DTA menunjukkan pengurangan massa bioplastik sebesar 81,01% pada suhu 550oC. Hasil kuat tarik terbaik pada bioplastik yang dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa 1:0,5 pada konsentrasi delignifikasi etanol 35%. Nilai kuat tarik yang diperoleh sebesar 8,773 Mpa. Pengujian degradasi bioplastik dilakukan selama 10 hari diperoleh nilai % degradasi terbesar bioplastik adalah sebesar 99,9%. Rice straw contains cellulose which can be used as raw material for making bioplastics. This study aims to synthesize bioplastics from rice straw using organic solvent treatment and analyze the effect of the mass ratio of starch to cellulose on the characteristics of bioplastic products. The straw delignification process used 5% and 35% ethanol solution at 80oC for two hours. Bioplastics are made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose of 1:0.5; 1:1; and 1:1.5. Characterization using SEM, XRD, TG-DTA methods, tensile test, vapour transmission test, and degradation test. The results showed that the delignification process using ethanol caused an increase in cellulose content and straw crystallinity. The morphology of the bioplastic shows an uneven surface and there are parts of the matrix that are separated from the fiber. The results of TG-DTA showed a reduction the mass of bioplastic by 81.01% at a temperature of 550oC. The best tensile strength results in bioplastics made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose 1:0.5 at a delignification concentration of 35% ethanol. The tensile strength value obtained was 8,773 Mpa. The bioplastic degradation test was carried out for 10 days and the largest percentage of bioplastic degradation was 99.9%.

Characterization of biodegradable plastic from jackfruit seed waste with the addition of rice straw cellulose

“…Significant differences in tensile strength values between this study and previous research can be caused by several factors. One of the main factors is the difference in the type of starch raw material used [13]. The highest average value of the tensile strength test in this study met the criteria of SNI 7818:2014 regarding biodegradable plastic bags with a minimum tensile strength value of 13.7 MPa.…”

“…Rice straw cellulose extraction refers to Setiawan [13]. The rice straw is first crushed using a blender and filtered using a 60 mesh sieve.…”

“…The production of biodegradable plastics refers to Setiawan [13]. Biodegradable plastics are made by mixing starch and cellulose according to treatment.…”

“…Rice straw contains 37.71% cellulose, the content can be used as a material for the production of biodegradable plastics from rice straw as bioplastic using organic solvent treatment [12]. The best treatment was obtained at the ratio of tapioca starch and rice straw cellulose (1:0.5) with cellulose delignification using 35% ethanol, resulting in a tensile strength value of 8.773 MPa, elongation of 6.5% and a water vapor transmission rate of 12 g/m 2 /day [13] . The novelty of this research is the use of jackfruit seeds as a source of starch in making plastic with the addition of rice straw fibre to strengthen the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic jackfruit seed starch.…”

Sunlight Assisted Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate by Floating Catalyst TiO2-Coconut Fiber

“…Coconut fiber was subjected to a delignification process using organosolv treatment. Organosolv treatment is an effective delignification method to remove lignin and hemicellulose content from natural fibers [15]. Coconut fiber was soaked using a 2:1 of water:ethanol solvent with ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to clean impurities, increased the number of pores, and reduced the lignin and hemicellulose components in the lignocellulosic structure of coconut fiber [13].…”