Jerami padi memilki kandungan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bioplastik dari bahan baku jerami padi menggunakan perlakuan pelarut organik serta menganalisis pengaruh rasio massa pati dengan selulosa karakteristik produk bioplastik. Proses delignifikasi jerami menggunakan larutan etanol 5% dan 35% pada suhu 80oC selama dua jam. Bioplastik dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa sebesar 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:1,5. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, uji tarik, uji transmisi uap, serta uji degradasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi menggunakan etanol menyebabkan peningkatan kadar selulosa serta kristalinitas jerami. Morfologi bioplastik menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak rata serta terdapat bagian matriks yang terpisah dengan fiber. Hasil TG-DTA menunjukkan pengurangan massa bioplastik sebesar 81,01% pada suhu 550oC. Hasil kuat tarik terbaik pada bioplastik yang dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa 1:0,5 pada konsentrasi delignifikasi etanol 35%. Nilai kuat tarik yang diperoleh sebesar 8,773 Mpa. Pengujian degradasi bioplastik dilakukan selama 10 hari diperoleh nilai % degradasi terbesar bioplastik adalah sebesar 99,9%. Rice straw contains cellulose which can be used as raw material for making bioplastics. This study aims to synthesize bioplastics from rice straw using organic solvent treatment and analyze the effect of the mass ratio of starch to cellulose on the characteristics of bioplastic products. The straw delignification process used 5% and 35% ethanol solution at 80oC for two hours. Bioplastics are made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose of 1:0.5; 1:1; and 1:1.5. Characterization using SEM, XRD, TG-DTA methods, tensile test, vapour transmission test, and degradation test. The results showed that the delignification process using ethanol caused an increase in cellulose content and straw crystallinity. The morphology of the bioplastic shows an uneven surface and there are parts of the matrix that are separated from the fiber. The results of TG-DTA showed a reduction the mass of bioplastic by 81.01% at a temperature of 550oC. The best tensile strength results in bioplastics made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose 1:0.5 at a delignification concentration of 35% ethanol. The tensile strength value obtained was 8,773 Mpa. The bioplastic degradation test was carried out for 10 days and the largest percentage of bioplastic degradation was 99.9%.

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ABSTRAKPembuangan air Limbah laundry secara langsung di aliran sungai menjadi penyebab tingginya pencemaran sungai. Air limbah laundry mengakibatkan peningkatan perameter COD, BOD5, serta MBAS sehingga berdampak negatif pada kehidupan ekosistem. Proses koagulasi menggunakan bahan kimia FeCl3 dapat menurunkan parameter COD, BOD5 dan MBAS dalam air limbah namun menimbulkan efek negatif pada kesehatan. Kitosan dari cangkang crustacea dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif koagulan yang ramah lingkungan. Kombinasi koagulan kitosan dan FeCl3 diharapkan mampu menurunkan parameter COD, BOD5 dan MBAS air limbah laundry serta dapat mengurangi dosis penggunaan koagulan kimia.Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesa biokoagulan kitosan dari cangkang kepiting serta menguji efektivitas kitosan cangkang kepiting, ferri klorida, dan kombinasi kedua koagulan dalam pengolahan air limbah laundry. Proses deasetilasi cangkang kepiting menjadi kitosan menggunakan larutan NaOH 60% pada suhu 125 o C selama 6 jam. Koagulasi dilakukan terhadap air limbah menggunakan tiga jenis koagulan yaitu ferrri klorida, kitosan, dan ferri klorida-kitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis optimum penggunaan koagulan kombinasi terjadi pada dosis 40 mg/L kitosan dan 100 mgl/L ferri klorida dengan menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan COD, BOD5, dan MBAS masing-masing sebesar 71,67%, 81,14%, dan 66,24%. Penggunaan kombinasi koagulan pada dosis optimum dapat menghemat pemakaian ferri klorida sebesar 84%. ABSTRACTDisposal Laundry wastewater directly in the river were the cause of high river pollution. Laundry wastewater were resulted in an increase the parameters of COD, BOD5, and MBAS, which has a negative impact on river ecosystem. The coagulation process used the chemical FeCl3 can reduce the parameters of COD, BOD5 and MBAS in wastewater but cause negative effects on health. Chitosan from crustacean shells can be used as an alternative to environmentally friendly coagulants. The combination of chitosan coagulant and FeCl3 is expected to reduce the parameters of COD, BOD5, and MBAS laundry wastewater and can reduce the dose of the use of chemical coagulants. This research aims to synthesize chitosan bio-coagulants from crab shell and to test the effectiveness of chitosan crab shell, ferric chloride, and the combination of both coagulants in laundry wastewater treatment. The process of deasetilation of crab shells into chitosan using 60% NaOH solution at 125 o C for 6 hours. Coagulation was carried out on wastewater using three types of coagulants, namely ferric chloride, chitosan and ferric chloride-chitosan. The results showed that the optimum dose of the use of a combination of coagulants occurred at a dose of 40 mg/L chitosan and 100 mgl/L ferric chloride with removal efficiency of COD, BOD5 and MBAS were 273 JRTI Vol.13 No.2 Desember 2019 71.67%, 81.14%, and 66,24% respectively.Coagulant combination at the optimum dosage can save the used of ferric chloride by 84%.

Metal Pb(II) is one of the pollutants that causes water pollution and impacts ecosystem damage. Pb(II) metal waste is toxic and biomagnification, so it harms human health. The combination of electrocoagulation and adsorption processes is an efficient and effective alternative in removing Pb(II) metal in wastewater. In this study, the wastewater treatment process is carried out in batch using electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes and followed by activated carbon adsorption. This research aimed to analyze the effect of electrical voltage in electrocoagulation, adsorption time, and adsorbent dose on reducing Pb(II) concentration. Electrocoagulation and adsorption processes were used variations of  electrical voltage (10, 20, 30 V), adsorption times (15, 30, 45 minutes), and adsorbent doses (2,5, 3,3, 4,1, 5 g/L). The research showed that the combination of electrocoagulation and adsorption could significantly reduce Pb(II) concentration in wastewater. Increased electrical voltage, adsorption time, and adsorbent dose lead to increased Pb(II). The maximum removal efficiency of Pb(II) metal was obtained under voltage of 30 V, 45 minutes adsorption time, and 5 g/L adsorbent dose. This condition resulted in removal efficiency Pb(II) of 96,01%.

Waste glass bottles is an inorganic waste that amounts to 0.7 million tons per year with the main content of silica, so it can be used as the main ingredient to produce silica gel. In the soy sauce industry, waste glass bottles came from depalletizer activities, the activity of moving glass bottles to the cleaning area. This research aims to utilize waste glass bottles as a raw material for producing silica gel adsorbents using the hydrothermal method and the sol-gel approach. Silica gel becomes an adsorbent in the purification of bioethanol from wastewater washing dissolving tanks using the adsorption method. Variations in the bioethanol production are yeast weight as 0, 2, 5, and 8 g as well as fermentation time for 4, 7, and 10 days.The bioethanol purification process used variations in adsorption time for 40, 60, and 80 minutes. Characterization of silica gel using BET and SEM-EDX test. The BET test results show that activated silica gel has a surface area of ​​231,851 m2/g. Analysis by SEM-EDX showed that the Si and O elements in activated silica gel were 40,94% and 51,92%. Based on the results of the GC-MS test, 60 minutes is the best adsorption time to increase the bioethanol content from 39,8±9,9% to 72,0±1,1%.