Pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren

Abstract

Abstract
 This dissertation is based on the demand of changes towards boarding school institution, which becomes academic debates about tradition and modernization of boarding school education system by Islamic scholars and thus becomes challenges for boarding schools. This research discussed boarding school education system based on the point of view of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid. This research design by using library research as the instrument with a descriptive analysis of historical approach and pedagogical comparative. The primary source of the data is the work by KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, such as Menggerakkan Tradisi; Esai-Esai Pesantren, BungaRampai Pesantren: Kumpulan KaryaTulis Abdurrahman Wahid, “Pesantren as a subkultur, in M. Dawam Rahardjo (ed), Pesantren dan perubahan, Islam kosmopolitan, Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita, as primary sources.
 This paper concludes that the thinking of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid about boarding school education system is essential in responding to the changes by keep referring to the boarding schools subcultures. It can be seen from some of KH Abdurrahman Wahid’s thoughts, such as, first, the aim of boarding school education is dynamic does not only mean to tafaqqu fi al-din, but also to gain knowledge on religious sciences and others. So that students have extensive knowledge, religious knowledge, and general knowledge and skills. Second, the educational program of boarding school education is adaptively by maintaining integrated the curriculum of Islamic sciences and others by simplifying the boarding school curriculum and adjusting it into the development of sciences and technology. Third, the process of boarding school education is innovative by maintaining learning methods sorogan and wetonanthe main characters of boarding school education; however, efforts to the perfect educational system at boarding school must be continually made, especially those related to methods of teaching and implementation of materials in the boarding school.
 Besides promoting the important findings above, this dissertation recommends to manager and development of boarding school education system to be more competitive, relevant to the needs of society, and able to answer the demands of the times in accordance with the potential and distinctiveness Islamic boarding schools.
 Abstrak
 Disertasi ini dilatarbalakangi pada terjadinya tuntutan perubahan terhadap institusi pendidikan pesantren yang menjadi debat akademik tentang tradisi dan modernisasi sistem pendidikan pesantren yang dikemukakan para tokoh-tokoh pendi dikan Islam yang banyak memunculkan tantangan bagi pesantren. Karena itu, penelitian ini dirumuskan untuk mendeskripsikan sistem pendidikan pesantren berdasarkan pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid. Kajian ini, menggunakan instrumen penelitian kepustakaan (library research), berdasarkan metode deskriptis-analitis dengan pendekatan historis, paedagogik serta komparatif. Sumber utama Menggerakkan Tradisi; Esai-Esai Pesantren. Bunga Rampai Pesantren; Kumpulan Karya Tulis Abdurrahman Wahid, sebagai sumber primer melalui metode dokumentasi.
 Disertasi ini berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid tentang sistem pendidikan pesantren adalah bersifat integral dalam merespon perubahan dengan tetap merujuk pada subkultur pesantren. Kebenaran kesimpulan ini didasarkan pada beberapa aspek yaitu: Pertama, aspek tujuan pendidikan pesantren bersifat dinamis tidak hanya pada upaya tafaqquh fi al-din, tetapi juga diperluas dengan penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sehingga santri memiliki wawasan yang luas, menguasai ilmu agama dan ilmu pengetahuan umum serta keterampilan. Dengan demikian, tujuan bergerak ke arah integrasi tujuan yaitu keseimbangan antara keimanan, ketaqwaan (Imtaq) dan penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan (Iptek). Tujuan ini harus dirumuskan secara tertulis. Kedua, aspek program pendidikan bersifat adaptif dengan tetap mempertahankan kitab-kitab klasik untuk mempertahankan reproduksi ulama, dan menggunakan integrasi kurikulum antara ilmu-ilmu agama dan umum, dengan menyederhanakan kurikulum pesantren, yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan pengetahuan dan teknologi. Ketiga, aspek proses pendidikan pesantren, bersifat inovatif dengan tetap menerapkan metode pembelajaran sorogan dan wetonan yang menjadi ciri khas pendidikan pesantren, namun sebaiknya ada usaha-usaha untuk menyempurnakan sistem pengajaran yang ada di pesantren harus diteruskan, dan mengenai materi pelajaran sepanjang menyangkut tata nilai dan pandangan hidup yang ditimbulkannya di pesantren, harus tetap dikembangkan karena memiliki cukup banyak kelebihan.
 Selain mempromosikan temuan penting di atas, disertasi ini merekomendasikan kepada pengelolah dan pengembangan sistem pendidikan pesantren untuk lebih kompetitif, relevan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan mampu menjawab tuntutan zaman, sesuai dengan potensi dan kekhasan pendidikan pesantren itu sendiri, dengan tetap mempertahankan budaya pesantren.
 Kata Kunci: sistem pendidikan pesantren karakter bangsa

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