1989
DOI: 10.1016/0169-409x(89)90018-5
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Penetration and enzymatic barriers to peptide and protein absorption

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Cited by 408 publications
(196 citation statements)
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“…When biologically active peptides are used clinically in their natural form, their biologic effects are often rapidly lost in vivo due to rapid proteolytic degradation of the active form of the peptide [21]. There is evidence that this cleavage of short peptides may be markedly inhibited by modifications of the Nand C-terminal residues [30].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…When biologically active peptides are used clinically in their natural form, their biologic effects are often rapidly lost in vivo due to rapid proteolytic degradation of the active form of the peptide [21]. There is evidence that this cleavage of short peptides may be markedly inhibited by modifications of the Nand C-terminal residues [30].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Computer analysis (Peptide Companion) showed that P60 is likely to fold into an amphipatic helix, although the amphipatic structure is not ideal. Especially, P 21 and T 23 seem to be ''misplaced'', which might be an indication that the C-terminus of P60 is not helical. Replacement of the C-terminal part of P60 (PRTE) by the sequence RPLR was predicted to yield better felicity.…”
Section: Synthetic Peptidesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Drug lipophilicity is estimated by determining the drug's octanol-water partition coefficient (Smith et al, 1975;Garcia et al, 2001). Insulin has low lipophilicity with an octanol-water partition coefficient of about 0.0215 (Lee, 1988). Further, the iso-electric point of insulin is around 5 and hence insulin is negatively charged at the neutral pH of the small intestine.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, administration of protein and peptide drug is quite challenging in terms of sustained delivery, targeting formulations and controlled manner. Unlike synthetic pharmaceutical, protein is more sensitive because of their diffusivity and low partition coefficient [1]. Due to these features, proteins may undergo chemical changes, proteolysis and denaturation during passing through the human gut [2,3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%