Penetration of Oak Canopies by a Commercial Preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Applied by Air

Yendol, William G.; Bryant, Jonathan E.; McManus, Michael L.

doi:10.1093/jee/83.1.173

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…israelensis provides an effective alternative to broad spectrum larvicides and has become the principal nonchemical means of larval mosquito control in fresh and saltwater environments in Australia, yet its efficacy is strongly regulated by site‐specific biotic and abiotic factors 10 . Our study reinforces previous observations of poor penetration of liquid Bti formulations through tree canopy 12, 13, 42 and low persistence in nonstatic systems 43 . Despite underperformance in areas of high canopy cover, the liquid Bti product tested performed adequately in areas of low canopy cover and should remain a viable control tool in areas with noncontiguous or sparse mangrove canopy cover, particularly once logistical and payload advantages are considered 18 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Performance of an aerially applied liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation (strain AM65‐52) against mosquitoes in mixed saltmarsh–mangrove systems and fine‐scale mapping of mangrove canopy cover using affordable drone‐based imagery

Johnson

Manby

Devine

2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: In the Australian southeast, the saltmarsh mosquito Aedes vigilax (Skuse) is the focus of area-wide larviciding campaigns employing the biological agent Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). Although generally effective, frequent inundating tides and considerable mangrove cover can make control challenging. Here, we describe the efficacy and persistence of an aqueous Bti suspension (potency: 1200 International Toxic Units; strain AM65-52) within a mixed saltmarsh-mangrove system and the use of affordable unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to identify and map problematic levels of mangrove canopy cover. RESULTS: High mangrove canopy density (>40% cover) reduced product deposition by 75.2% (0.01 ± 0.002 ∼L cm-2 versus 0.05 ± 0.006 ∼L cm-2), larval mortality by 27.7% (60.7 ± 4.1% versus 84.0 ± 2.4%), and ground level Bti concentrations by 32.03% (1144 ± 462.6 versus 1683 ± 447.8 spores mL −1) relative to open saltmarsh. Persistence of product post-application was found to be low (80.6% loss at 6 h) resulting in negligible additional losses to tidal inundation 24 h post-application. UAS surveys accurately identified areas of high mangrove cover using both standard and multispectral imagery, although derived index values for this vegetation class were only moderately correlated with ground measurements (R 2 = 0.17-0.38) at their most informative scales. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the complex operational challenges that affect coastal mosquito control in heterogeneous environments. The problem is exacerbated by continued mangrove transgression into saltmarsh habitat in the region. Emerging UAS technology can help operators optimize treatments by accurately identifying and mapping challenging canopy cover using both standard and multispectral imaging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The presence of vegetative canopy is a principal barrier to control as it reduces product deposition at ground level 12, 13 . In coastal zones of southeast Queensland, mangroves provide canopy cover over large areas of productive mosquito breeding habitat and are the primary barrier to effective larvicide coverage in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an aerially applied liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation (strain AM65‐52) against mosquitoes in mixed saltmarsh–mangrove systems and fine‐scale mapping of mangrove canopy cover using affordable drone‐based imagery

Johnson

Manby

Devine

2020

Pest Management Science

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“…Assuming the maximum or worst-case scenario of 100% spray deposition on a single, continuous plane of foliage, the combined spray application of 2.5 x lo4 PIBs per cm2 is similar to our 3.0 x lo4 PIBs per dose protocol. 4:l in hardwood forests; Yendol et al 1990). 4:l in hardwood forests; Yendol et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MESOAMERICANONTHOPHAGUSLATREILLE IN THE DICRANIUS AND MIRABILIS SPECIES GROUPS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

Howden

Gill

1993

Can Entomol

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The Canadian Entomologist 125: 1055-1 066 (1 993) An aqueous suspension of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Lymantria dispar (L.), LdNPV, was fed to third-instar caterpillars of L. dispar and 46 species of nontarget Lepidoptera in four successive. 24to 48-h doses of 3 x 1OQpolyhedral inclusion bodies (PIES) in 2 pL applied to small pellets of artificial diet or isolated surfaces of foliage. Adults of the fly Cyrtophlaha coqtrillerri Aldr.. and adult males of the bee Megachile rotundata (Fabr.). were assayed with a single dose of 1.2 x lo5 PIBs in 2 pL of 30% sucrose solution. Only those specimens that completely consumed the dose(s) were transferred to appropriate maintenance conditions for 7-10 days whereupon they were frozen. Samples of macerates of experimental specimens were dot-blotted onto nylon membranes on which whole genomic LmVPV DNA-probing and chemiluminescence techniques were used to show presence of LdNPV DNA. With reference to positive and negative controls, the 48 nontarget species were diagnosed as nonperrnissive orLarNPV but the target species waq clearly infected. This study demonstrates a high degree of host-specificity of LdNPV.

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“…After larvae consumed a lethal dose ofBt, the mean time to death ranged from 37.7 to 45.2 hours. Yendol et al (1990) showed that the distribution of Bt deposit within a broadleaved forest canopy following aerial application was highly variable; however, deposit differences between upper and lower canopy levels or directionally within canopy level, were not significant. Spray is not deposited uniformly between leaves.…”

Section: Depositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Bacillus thuringiensis for managing gypsy moth : a review /

Reardon¹,

Dubois²,

McLane³

1994

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Penetration of Oak Canopies by a Commercial Preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Applied by Air

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of an aerially applied liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation (strain AM65‐52) against mosquitoes in mixed saltmarsh–mangrove systems and fine‐scale mapping of mangrove canopy cover using affordable drone‐based imagery

Performance of an aerially applied liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation (strain AM65‐52) against mosquitoes in mixed saltmarsh–mangrove systems and fine‐scale mapping of mangrove canopy cover using affordable drone‐based imagery

MESOAMERICANONTHOPHAGUSLATREILLE IN THE DICRANIUS AND MIRABILIS SPECIES GROUPS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

Bacillus thuringiensis for managing gypsy moth : a review /

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