PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya) TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA NYAMUK Aedes agypti INSTAR III

Abstract

Background: Papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract is a natural larvacide that contains papain and alkaloid karpain so its usage is safe for the environment. The larvacide properties can also be used to reduce the amount of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This mosquito species is the main vector for the virus that causes dengue fever which incident number increases over the years. There have been a few methods used to control the mosquito's amount, one of which is by decreasing the number of Aedes aegypti's larvae using the organophosphate insecticide chemical known as temefos. Temefos is really effective in killing the Aedes aegypti larvae but it has a lot of side effects especially towards the environment. By controlling the number of the Aedes aegypti's larvae, hopefully the number of the dengue fever case can also be reduced. Objective: To prove that the papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti's instar III larvae. Method: This is an experimental research what uses a post test only control group design. The study consists of seven groups, which are positive control that is given abate powder, negative control that is given only aquadest, and five groups treated with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%; repeated for four times. The calculation of the amount of dead larvae is done within the first 24 hours. Result: Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, p's value is <α with p value being 0.000 and α being 0.05. It proves the significance of the experiment. Conclusion: The papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti's instar III larvae. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Ekstrak daun papaya (Carica papaya) merupakan bahan larvasida alami yang mengandung papain dan alkaloid karpain sehingga penggunaannya aman bagi lingkungan. Sifat larvasidanya juga dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi jumlah larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nyamuk spesies ini adalah vektor utama untuk virus yang dapat menyebabkan demam dengue yang tingkat insidensinya semakin lama semakin meningkat. Sudah ada beberapa metode kontrol nyamuk yang dipakai, salah satunya adalah mengurangi jumlah larva nyamuk dengan menggunakan insektisida organofosfat kimiawi yang disebut sebagai temefos. Temefos sangat baik dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti namun memiliki banyak efek samping terutama bagi lingkungan. Dengan mengontrol jumlah larva nyamuk ini diharapkan akan terjadi penurunan jumlah kasus demam dengue.Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dapat mempengaruhi kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental menggunakan post test only con--trol group design. Penelitian terdiri dari tujuh kelompok, yaitu kelompok kon-