Delima (Punica granatum L.) lebih dikenal di beberapa negara sebagai buah Eden, karena rasanya yang enak dan khasiatnya yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Buah delima dan ekstrak buah delima telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas pencegahan dan penghambatan terhadap berbagai penyakit kronis dan mengancam kesehatan atau kehidupan. Diabetes tipe 2 dapat dicegah dan di obati dengan senyawa quercetin.Quercetin merupakan flavonoid paling popular yang banyak  terkandung dalam sayuran dan buah-buahan.Flavonoid signifikan menurunkan kadar gula darah, meningkatkan ekspresi GLUT4, dan memperkuat penyerapan glukosa pada permukaan sel otot tulang dengan menstimulasi Adenosin Monofosfat Protein Kinase (AMPK). Untuk mengetahui efek pemberian quercetin terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa dalam darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan metode studi literatur  minimal 15 artikel dari jurnal nasional yang terindeksSINTA dan jurnal internasional yang terindeks Scimago dengan batasan tahun 2015-2020. Kandungan flavonoid dari quercetin memiliki efek pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan menjadi ligan yang mampu memperbaiki reseptor  (AMPK, GLUT 4, SIRT1, nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB)) sehingga dapat mengendalikan gen sel adiposa atau transkripsi lainnya yang memengaruhi resistensi insulin pada pasien diabetes tipe 2. Kesimpulan yang saya dapatkan dari hasil penelitian studi literature ini adalah quercetin  dapat mempengaruhi dalam penurunan kadar glukosa dalam darah.

Background: Papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract is a natural larvacide that contains papain and alkaloid karpain so its usage is safe for the environment. The larvacide properties can also be used to reduce the amount of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This mosquito species is the main vector for the virus that causes dengue fever which incident number increases over the years. There have been a few methods used to control the mosquito's amount, one of which is by decreasing the number of Aedes aegypti's larvae using the organophosphate insecticide chemical known as temefos. Temefos is really effective in killing the Aedes aegypti larvae but it has a lot of side effects especially towards the environment. By controlling the number of the Aedes aegypti's larvae, hopefully the number of the dengue fever case can also be reduced. Objective: To prove that the papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti's instar III larvae. Method: This is an experimental research what uses a post test only control group design. The study consists of seven groups, which are positive control that is given abate powder, negative control that is given only aquadest, and five groups treated with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%; repeated for four times. The calculation of the amount of dead larvae is done within the first 24 hours. Result: Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, p's value is <α with p value being 0.000 and α being 0.05. It proves the significance of the experiment. Conclusion: The papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti's instar III larvae. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Ekstrak daun papaya (Carica papaya) merupakan bahan larvasida alami yang mengandung papain dan alkaloid karpain sehingga penggunaannya aman bagi lingkungan. Sifat larvasidanya juga dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi jumlah larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nyamuk spesies ini adalah vektor utama untuk virus yang dapat menyebabkan demam dengue yang tingkat insidensinya semakin lama semakin meningkat. Sudah ada beberapa metode kontrol nyamuk yang dipakai, salah satunya adalah mengurangi jumlah larva nyamuk dengan menggunakan insektisida organofosfat kimiawi yang disebut sebagai temefos. Temefos sangat baik dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti namun memiliki banyak efek samping terutama bagi lingkungan. Dengan mengontrol jumlah larva nyamuk ini diharapkan akan terjadi penurunan jumlah kasus demam dengue.Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dapat mempengaruhi kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental menggunakan post test only con--trol group design. Penelitian terdiri dari tujuh kelompok, yaitu kelompok kon-

Background : Pain is an unpleasant emotional experience that illustrates ongoing tissue damage. Excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause peptic ulcer to gastric mucosal damage and perforation. Indonesia contains the largest area of mangrove forest in the world. There are 45 species of mangrove found and one of them is Asiatic Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata). This type is easy to find and rich of alkaloids and flavonoids which can be used as analgesics. Method:  This study used post-test only control group design. The number of mice that used was 25 mice, divided into 5 groups. Which were given different therapies aquadest 10mL/KgBW, acetosal 150 mg/KgBW, extract of Rhizophora mucronata 250 mg/KgBW, 500 mg/KgBW, and 1000 mg/kg bw. The pain was induced by 0,7% glacial acetic acid at a dose of 10 mL/KgBW.  The writhes of the mice was being calculated with an interval of 10 minutes in 30 minutes. Result:  The results of the analysis showed the decrease in writhes of mice  in acetosal group dose 150 mg/kg bw, Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract dose 250 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw. There was a significant difference in the results of the Mann-Whitney U test with p<0,05 in the aquadest group and the acetosal group with the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 500 mg/kg bw, the difference between the acetosal group and the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 250 mg/kg bw, and the difference between the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 500 mg/kg bw and the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 1000 mg/kg bw. Conclusion: Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract dose 500 mg/kg bw can provide analgesic effect and can reduce the writhing frequency in mice much better than acetosal group.

Meningiomas in the frontoparietal lobe may cause anxiety disorders and panic attacks. While alprazolam is one of the most widely used medications for anxiety disorders, long-term use may result in adverse side effects (withdrawal and rebound effects). This case study aims to describe the efficacy of long-term alprazolam administration in patients with meningiomas for regulating anxiety disorders. Case report :The asymmetrical face is the primary concern of a 65-year-old female when she is anxious. The results of the physical assessment and laboratory tests are within normal ranges. However, The HARS procedure showed moderate anxiety, and the CT scan revealed a meningioma in the right frontoparietal lobe. To regulate patient anxiety disorders, doctors give alprazolam 0.5 mg per day single dose for 4 months and tapering off for 3 months. Conclusion: Long-term administration of alprazolam in these patients can reduce the patient's anxiety disorder without causing withdrawal or rebound effects. A low dosage of alprazolam, a mild level of anxiety illness, and a slow tapering off phase were factors that contributed to the effectiveness of alprazolam treatment to suppress anxiety symptoms in this situation.