Penile cancer: is there an epidemiological role for smoking and sexual behaviour?

Vides²,

et al. 2011

Int. braz j urol.

Purpose: To determine epidemiological characteristics of penile cancer in Rio de Janeiro, its associated risk factors and clinical manifestations. Patients and Methods: Between 2002 and 2008 we evaluated 230 patients at three public institutions, considering age, ethnicity, birthplace, marital status, educational level, religion, tobacco smoking, presence of phimosis and practice of circumcision. Results: The ages ranged from 25 to 98 years, with an average of 58.35 years. Of the 230 patients, 167 (72.7%) were from the southeast region of Brazil (which includes Rio de Janeiro) and 45 (19.5%) were from the northeast of the country. Most patients were white (67.3%), married (58.6%), smokers (56.5%) and had not completed primary school (71.3%). The predominant religion was Catholic (74.8%). Of the 46 (20%) circumcised patients, only 1 (2.2%) had undergone neonatal circumcision. Grade I tumors were present in 87 (37.8%) of the patients, grade II in 131 (56.9%) and grade III in 12 (5.3%). Lymphovascular embolization was observed in 63 (27.3%) and koilocytosis in 124 (53.9%) patients. Of the total, 41.3% had corpora cavernosa or corpus spongiosum infiltration, and 40 (17.4%) had urethral invasion. Prophylactic lymphadenectomy was performed on 56 (36.1%), therapeutic lymphadenectomy on 84 (54.2%) and hygienic lymphadenectomy for advanced disease on 15 (9.7%) patients. The median time between the lesion onset and clinical diagnosis was 13.2 months. The mean follow up was 28.8 months. Conclusion: Most of our patients were born in this state and had low socioeconomic status. Most of them were white men, married, smokers, uncircumcised, of the Catholic faith and in their sixties or older. Their disease was in most cases diagnosed only in the advanced stages.

Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of penile cancer in Rio de Janeiro: evaluation of 230 cases

Vides²,

et al. 2011

Int. braz j urol.

“…An important epidemiological study conducted in 244 patients presenting penile cancer with a control group of 232 patients without penile cancer demonstrated that tobacco smoking is a risk factor for the development of penile cancer (15). Of the 283 patients in our study, 101 were tobacco smokers (35.65%).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Epidemiologic study on penile cancer in Brazil

Favorito¹,

Nardi²,

Ronalsa³

et al. 2008

Int. braz j urol.

169

157

Objectives: To assess epidemiologic characteristics of penile cancer in Brazil. Materials and Methods: From May 2006 to June 2007, a questionnaire was distributed to all Brazilian urologists. Their patients' clinical and epidemiological data was analyzed (age, race, place of residence, history of sexually transmitted diseases, tobacco smoking, performance of circumcision, type of hospital service), as well as the time between the appearance of the symptoms and the diagnosis, the pathological characteristics of the tumor (histological type, degree, localization and size of lesion, stage of disease), the type of treatment performed and the present state of the patient. Results: 283 new cases of penile cancer in Brazil were recorded. The majority of these cases occurred in the north and northeast (53.02%) and southeast (45.54%) regions. The majority of patients (224, or 78.96%) were more than 46 years of age while only 21 patients (7.41%) were less than 35 years of age. Of the 283 patients presenting penile cancer, 171 (60.42%) had phimosis with the consequent impossibility to expose the glans. A prior medical history positive for HPV infection was reported in 18 of the 283 cases (6.36%). In 101 patients (35.68%) tobacco smoking was reported. The vast majority of the cases (n = 207; 73.14%) presented with tumors localized in the glans and prepuce. In 48 cases (16.96%) the tumor affected the glans, the prepuce and the corpus penis; in 28 cases (9.89%) the tumor affected the entire penis. The majority of the patients (n = 123; 75.26%) presented with T1 or T2; only 9 patients (3.18%) presented with T4 disease. Conclusion: Penile cancer is a very frequent pathology in Brazil, predominantly affecting low income, white, uncircumcised patients, living in the north and northeast regions of the country.

“…The presence of lesions in the penis may also be associated with pain, discharge, bleeding, and odor. In turn, patients with advanced cancer may complain of fatigue, weight loss, and bone pain [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 305 patients analyzed in this study, smoking as a risk factor occupied the 3 rd position, indicating that 53.4% are tobacco users. This risk factor has to be analyzed more deeply, although the association between smoking and carcinoma has been reported, but it remains unclear which is the tobacco action mechanism in penile carcinogenesis [34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Patients with Penile Neoplasms Who Have Undergone Penectomy

Figueiroa

Menezes

Tavares³

et al. 2017

int arch med

Introduction: Penile cancer accounts for 10% to 20% of the male urogenital tumors. In Brazil, the North and Northeast regions have the highest rates.Objective: Analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study addressing the profile of individuals with penile neoplasms who have undergone penectomy in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Results: Poor hygiene, smoking, and phimosis were the main risk factors identified. Patients showed epidermoid carcinoma (type I) and metastasis. The early signs and symptoms were tumor and painful ulcer. Methods: