Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah Menurut Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI)

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI yang mengalami transformasi yang awalnya sebagai legal opinion menjadi legal binding, sehingga memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Secara tidak langsung, substansi fatwa diadopsi oleh peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun, apakah substansi fatwa mengenai penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah juga diadopsi oleh peraturan perundang-undangan atau fatwa yang mengadopsi peraturan perundang-undangan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini akan memaparkan penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah menurut fatwa DSN-MUI. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kepustakaan melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini mengungkapkan fakta bahwa dalam substansi penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah, DSN-MUI mengadopsi peraturan perundang-undangan yang memberikan kewenangan kepada sebuah lembaga untuk memeriksa dan memutus perkara ekonomi syariah. Sehingga memberikan pilihan penyelesaian sengketa yang beragam dengan memposisikan jalur musyawarah mufakat sebagai jalur penyelesaian sengketa utama yang harus ditempuh terlebih dahulu sebagai ciri khasnya, sebelum para pihak memilih jalur penyelesaian sengketa yang lain. (This research is motivated by the position of the DSN-MUI fatwa which underwent a transformation which was originally a legal opinion to become legal binding, so that it has binding legal force. Indirectly, the substance of the fatwa is adopted by legislation. However, whether the substance of the fatwa regarding the settlement of sharia economic disputes is also adopted by laws and regulations or the fatwa that adopts laws and regulations. Therefore, this study will describe the settlement of sharia economic disputes according to the DSN-MUI fatwa. By using the descriptive literature method through a normative juridical approach, this study reveals the fact that in the substance of sharia economic dispute resolution, DSN-MUI adopts laws and regulations that authorize an institution to examine and decide on sharia economic cases. Thus providing various dispute resolution options by positioning the deliberation and consensus path as the main dispute resolution path that must be taken first as a characteristic, before the parties choose another dispute resolution path.)

Analysis of Sharia Pawn Dispute Resolution in Indonesia in Terms of the Concept of Maqashid Al-Syari'ah

“…The settlement of sharia pawn disputes in Indonesia which is the finding in this study can be said to be in accordance with the steps of dispute resolution according to positive law in Indonesia. According to Nurjaman & Witro (2022) DSN-MUI has adopted legislation that authorizes an institution to conduct an examination and make a decision on a sharia case. In this case, the institutions are Basyarnas and the Religious Court.…”

The Position of the Indonesian Council of Ulama in The Indonesian State Governmental Legal System

“…Fatwas in the Islamic legal system have a quite dominant role in providing legal considerations among the people, even though they are considered to have no binding legal force (ghayr mulzimah), unlike the case with court decisions which are ilzam (binding) (Ansori & Ulumuddin, 2020). When referring to the type and hierarchy as stated in Law Number 12 of 2011, the position of the MUI Fatwa is not a type of statutory regulation that has binding legal force (Nurjaman & Witro, 2022). Based on Article 1 point 2, Article 7 paragraph (1) and Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law 12/2011, the MUI fatwa is not a statutory regulation, because it is not made by an authorized body/or institution and does not have general binding power.…”

Wakalah bi al-Istitsmar dalam Mekanisme Penghimpunan Dana di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah

“…Sehingga memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat bagi seluruh pelaku LKS. Karena kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI hanya sebatas pendapat ahli (legal opinion) bukan sebagai peraturan yang merupakan bagian dari tata hukum Nasional (Nurjaman & Witro, 2022)…”