Percepción del autoconcepto físico en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de confinamiento por COVID-19

Abstract

El confinamiento por la COVID-19 ha ocasionado diversos cambios sociales, pero se desconoce su impacto en el autoconcepto físico. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar la percepción del autoconcepto físico en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de confinamiento por COVID-19. Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico Physical Self Questionnaire a estudiantes universitarios. Para la selección de la muestra se utilizó el procedimiento de muestreo aleatorio estratificado con un nivel de confianza al 99% y un margen de error al 5%, para un total de 499 universitarios de Bogotá, Colombia. El instrumento obtuvo valores aceptables de alfa de Cronbach a nivel general (.943) y por dimensiones. En la percepción del autoconcepto físico a nivel general y por dimensiones los hombres obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones que las mujeres. A su vez, los estudiantes de estratos socioeconómicos más altos presentan menores puntuaciones que los de estratos más bajos. Respecto a la edad, aquellos universitarios de mayor edad presentan menores puntuaciones en autoestima, fuerza muscular, condición física y competencia percibida. Es importante dentro de las universidades la implementación de programas de intervención dirigidas a la promoción de la salud mental relacionadas con el autoconcepto físico, la imagen corporal, la autoestima, además de otros aspectos de la salud mental y física que pueden estar siendo afectados por el confinamiento COVID-19. Confinement by COVID-19 has led to various social changes, but its impact on physical self-concept is unknown. The purpose of this work was to analyze the perception of physical self-concept in university students in times of confinement due to Covid-19. The Physical Self Questionnaire was applied to university students. For the selection of the sample the stratified random sampling procedure, for a total of 499 university students from Bogotá, Colombia. The instrument obtained acceptable Cronbach's alpha values at the general level (.943) and by dimensions. In the perception of physical self-concept at a general level and by dimensions, men obtained better scores than women. In turn, students from higher socioeconomic strata have lower scores than those from lower strata. Regarding age, older university students present lower scores in self-esteem, muscular strength, physical condition and perceived competition. The implementation of intervention programs aimed at promoting mental health related to physical self-concept, body image, self-esteem, in addition to other aspects of mental and physical health that may be affected by the COVID-19 confinement is important within universities. O confinamento pela COVID-19 resultou em uma série de mudanças sociais, mas seu impacto sobre o autoconceito físico é desconhecido. O objetivo da investigação foi analisar a percepção do autoconceito físico em estudantes universitários em tempos de confinamento causado pelo COVID – 19. Foi aplicado o questionário de autoconceito físico Physical Self Questionnaire em estudantes universitários maiores de idade. Para a seleção da amostra foi utilizado o procedimento de amostragem aleatória estratificada, para um total de 499 estudantes universitários de Bogotá, Colômbia. O instrumento obteve valores aceitáveis de alfa de Cronbach a nível geral (.943) e por dimensões. Na percepção do autoconceito físico ao nível geral e pelas dimensões, os homens obtiveram melhores pontuações do que as mulheres. Por sua vez, os alunos de níveis socioeconômicos mais altos apresentaram pontuação menor do que os alunos de níveis mais baixos. Em relação à idade, os universitários mais velhos apresentam scores mais baixos em autoestima, forca muscular, condição física e percepção de competição. É essencial que nas universidades ocorra a implementação de programas de intervenção dirigidas a promoção da saúde mental relacionada ao autoconceito físico, imagem corporal, autoestima, além de outros aspectos da saúde mental e física que possam ser afetados por Confinamento COVID-19.

Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity Levels in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cluster Analysis

“…While the Physical-Medium Self-Concept and Physical-Negative Self-Concept groups are the least physically active, both groups are predominantly female and reflect a lower self-concept. In line with the findings of a study carried out during the pandemic [ 15 ], and showing a similar trend to that observed by Navas and Soriano [ 53 ] in their work prior to the pandemic. This could be attributed to social factors, such as stereotypes and prejudices that exist in the community [ 54 ], which generally affect women more than men.…”

“…While preventive measures that have been adopted in most countries of the world are fundamental in the fight against COVID-19, such as isolation including confinement or social distancing, while contributing to the distribution and care of cases that can be covered by the health system, it has also been argued that it may encourage sedentary behaviour, reduce regular physical activity or avoid daily activities, which increases the risk of developing diseases or worsening previous pathologies [ 13 ]. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to determine the real impact of confinement measures on physical activity in the university population [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Pre-Service University Training, Body Expression and Self-Concept

“…This was been confirmed in previous studies, which reported anxiety, depression and stress among the population [38]. Cadena-Duarte [39] (p. 50) stated that these confinement-related health issues may alter the perception of physical SC and psychological well-being. This influenced the development of behavioural, social and affective skills that consolidate through the interpersonal interaction process [37] since the possibilities of having physical contact, sharing ideas among groups, or learning collaboratively were reduced or disappeared, as well as other emotional aspects that are highly involved in body expression and communication.…”

Dietary Behaviours of University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Comparative Analysis of Nursing and Engineering Students

“…The third line of argument to emerge from the present research pertains to the emotional component of nutrition in university students during confinement. Similar studies [ 36 , 37 ] have associated the lack of social interaction with peers, teachers, relatives, and friends with emotional instability in students. This factor emerged in the present research, which also proposed the novel factor of the “digitalisation of university teaching” as a catalyst of the aforementioned factor, potentially leading to an increase in stress, anxiety, and sleep disorders, alongside a reduction in self-esteem in students.…”