Perception of maximum reaching height reflects impending changes in reaching ability and improvements transfer to unpracticed reaching tasks

Abstract

Perception of whether a given behavior is possible typically reflects a person's action capabilities even before the behavior is performed and even when the person has undergone recent changes to their action capabilities. Importantly, perception of affordances for a given behavior also reflects impending changes to action capabilities. Two experiments investigated perception of affordances for reaching when the means of reaching would bring about changes in reaching ability. Experiment 1 found that perception of maximum reaching height is relative to impending changes brought on by a change in posture and use of a hand-held tool. Experiment 2 found that practice performing a reaching task in which reaching ability is unchanged is sufficient to bring about improvements in perception of maximum reaching height when the means of reaching would change reaching ability. The results are discussed in the context of the prospectivity of perception of affordances, and the experiences that may be necessary to bring about (transfer of) improvements in perception of affordances.

Doggone affordances: Canine perception of affordances for reaching

“…The fact that both canine and human perception of affordances for reaching reflects a task specific fit between action capabilities and environmental properties despite such differences between the reaching behaviors used by these species may 2 Rearing by canines may, perhaps, be more analogous to a human reaching from one foot or while standing on tip toes. Importantly, human perception of affordances for reaching under such circumstances also scales to action capabilities (see Fisher, 2000;Wagman, 2012). only serve to strengthen the support for the claim that perception of this affordance is supported by detection of a task-specific stimulation patterns that is invariant across species.…”

“…In addition, research on perception of affordances by humans has also shown that maximum reaching distance tends to be overestimated (Carello et al, 1989;Fischer, 2000;Heft, 1993), but tends to increasingly reflect action capabilities with repeated perceptual experience (Ramenzoni, Davis, Riley, & Shockley, 2008;Wagman, 2012). Given that our methodology required presenting the treat at a height that was scaled to each dog and resulted in one data point per participant (the rearing boundary), it is not possible to investigate either phenomena with the current data.…”

“…In particular, choices about how and when to transition between two different modes of performing the same behavior are determined by this task-specific fit. For example, the boundary between distances that are perceived to be reachable with an arm-only reach and those that are perceived to be reachable with an arm-plus-torso reach occurs at a farther distance for long-armed than for short-armed people, but at the same ratio of object-distance-to-arm length for both groups (Carello, Grosofsky, Reichel, Solomon, & Turvey, 1989;Mark, Nemeth, Gardner, & Dainoff, 1997;see Fisher, 2000;Gabbard, Ammar, & Rodrigues, 2005;Wagman, 2012). Demonstrating that the transition occurs different distances but at a constant ratio for people who differ in action capabilities is critical for establishing action scaling in perception because it shows that perception reflects a task-specific relationship between action capabilities and environmental properties.…”

Persepsi Pelaku Hutan Rakyat Dan Industri Kayu Skala Kecil-Menengah Terhadap Kesiapan Implementasi SVLK

“…Persepsi merupakan pengalaman tentang obyek, peristiwa atau hubungan-hubungan yang diperoleh dengan menyimpulkan informasi dan menafsirkan pesan (Rakhmat, 2013). Persepsi seseorang berbeda tergantung pada apa yang dialami oleh pelaku, baik yang sudah terjadi maupun sedang terjadi (Wagman, 2012). Dengan menggunakan skala likert, maka variabel yang akan diukur dijabarkan menjadi dimensi, dimensi dijabarkan menjadi indikator yang dapat diukur (Riduwan, 2008).…”

The selection and usage of information for perceiving and remembering intended and unintended object properties.

“…For instance, Stoffregen, Yang, Giveans, Flanagan, and Bardy (2009) found that practice locomoting with a wheelchair resulted in more accurate judgments of the minimum lintel that could be passed under, even though pass-under-ability was not explicitly practiced. Similarly, Wagman (2012) found that practice in overhead reach ing while standing on toes improved the perception of reaching with an object without standing on toes. Also, perceptual training on perceived length of rods by dynamic touch transfers to per ceived location of the center of percussion of the rods (Withagen & Michaels, 2007); despite that, Cooper, Carello, and Turvey (1999) found that reports of length and center of percussion were perceptually independent.…”