Perception of wheel-generated motions.

Proffítt, Dennis R.; Cutting, James E.; Stier, David M.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.5.2.289

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In each stimulus, two lights rotate around each other while moving around a central ®xation point. We will describe the two stimuli brie¯y before examining the similarities between our displays and the classic wheel-generated motions studied in many previous articles (Duncker, 1937;Johansson, 1973;Prof®tt, Cutting, & Stier, 1979;Wallach, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2c,d). According to Prof®tt et al (1979), both of these con®gurations give rise to equally strong impressions of wheel motion. With displays simulating lights on linearly translating wheels, observers are often drawn to follow the wheel with eye movements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2b), the observers saw' a wheel in motion even though neither of the motions alone seemed at all wheel-like. Further studies by Johansson (1973), Prof®tt et al (1979), andWallach (1965) have examined, among other things, the importance of the number and placement of the lights on the wheel in supporting the recovery of the wheel's motion. Our ®rst stimulus is equivalent to a translating wheel display with one light on the rim and one in the center (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Attention-based visual routines: sprites

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Attention-based visual routines: sprites

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Configurational change, on the other hand, is entirely an environmental matter.) Rolling-wheel displays have been more recently investigated by Proffitt, Cutting, and Stier (1979). These authors consistently obtained vector analysis: the dots seemed to revolve about each other and simultaneously to undergo straight or wavy motions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In their rolling-wheel experiments, Proffitt et al (1979) also obtained revolutions with diameters smaller than that of the wheel when the distance between the light dots was smaller than the wheel diameter. 6.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector analysis of rotary motion perception

Wallach

O’Leary

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Five displays with light dots at two or three rim locations on a wheel that rolled inside a hoop of twice the wheel's diameter were observed. In this arrangement the motion paths of the rim dots are straight and are apparently more readily perceived than the cycloids on which rim dots move when the wheel rolls on a plane. Circular dot motion, the apparent result of vector analysis, is, however, often perceived as an alternative to linear dot motion. New findings that had been obtained in experiments with two of Johansson's motion patterns that demonstrated vector analysis were shown to apply to this rolling wheel display. They are here presented in the context of a recent interpretation of Johansson's findings. It regards the simultaneously perceived motions that Johansson's displays yield as the direct result of two kinds of proximal stimulation, made possible by vector analysis taking place between distal and proximal stimulation. The following findings are reported. Adding a stationary dot in the periphery of the displays increased linear and decreased circular perceived motion when the displays were freely viewed. The perception of linear motion, which is given by subject-relative stimulation, and the perception of circular motion, which is given as orientation change, can combine to form perceived elliptic motion paths. This happened frequently, regardless of whether the linear motion was given by means of ocular pursuit or as retinal image path.A point on the edge of a rolling wheel moves through an arched path, called a cycloid. A cycloid is the kinematic resultant of two component motions, one circular and the other translatory. When a rolling wheel is observed under ordinary conditions, these two component motions are simultaneously perceived, and the cycloids are not seen. Only when, in the dark, a light dot is fixed to the wheel edge is its cycloid path seen. When a second light dot is added, the cycloid paths of the dots are no longer visible; rather, the two dots appear to move about each other. Experiments of this sort were first done by Duncker (1929), who credited Rubin (1927) for suggesting them. Duncker did not expose two points on the wheel edge but, in most of his experiments, a light dot at the wheel's center and another dot at a midpoint between the center and the wheel edge. Nevertheless, he often obtained reports that one dot circled about the other or that the dots revolved about a common center. Duncker thought of these motions as analogues to certain features of induced motion, to which he referred as "separation of systems."Eventually, Johansson (1950) introduced the term' 'vector analysis" to refer to the perceptual process that takes This work was supported by Grant 11089 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Swarthmore College, Hans Wallach, principal investigator. We are grateful to Martha Teghtsoonian for her help in writing this report and to Dennis R. Proffitt for his helpful criticism of our presentation.H. Wallach's mailing address is: Department of Psychology, Swar...

show abstract

Depth Perception and the Perception of Events

Proffítt¹,

Caudek²

2003

Handbook of Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three fundamental questions are addressed: (1) What are the effective sources of optical information for perceiving spatial relationships and events? Complex natural environments provide a plethora of information potentially related to spatial layout. Psychophysical research investigates the efficacy and perceptual processing of these potential cues to depth and events. (2) How is this information combined by the perceptual system? Viewed in isolation, individual cues typically do not fully specify the environmental properties to which they relate. In general, the rules for projecting three‐dimensional layout onto the retina are unambiguously defined, whereas the inverse operation—from the image to the three‐dimensional projected scene—is not. (3) Do people perceive space and events accurately? Certainly, people act in the environment as if they represent its spatial relationships accurately; however, effective action can often be achieved without geometrically correct representations. From a pragmatic perspective, perceptual representations are accurate to the degree that they provide effective guidance for behavior. This issue is developed and discussed throughout the chapter.

show abstract

Perception of wheel-generated motions.

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Attention-based visual routines: sprites

Attention-based visual routines: sprites

Vector analysis of rotary motion perception

Depth Perception and the Perception of Events

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About