Perceptual phenomena in destructured sensory fields: Probing the brain’s intrinsic functional architectures

Miskovic, Vladimir; Lynn, Steven Jay; Bagg, Jeffrey O.; Pouliot, Jourdan J.; Ríos, Matt; Wackermann, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.014

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 314 publications

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“…While predictive coding and related approaches have been popular, we are not aware of other psychophysical evidence for an attention-created highly suprathreshold percept. However, other literature has found evidence that imagery can bias perception to create faint percepts (Waller, Schweitzer, Brunton, & Knudson, 2012), voluntary attention can group stimuli into new objects (Ongchoco & Scholl, 2019), and unusual circumstances such as sensory restriction can result in hallucinations that may reflect top-down predictions (Miskovic et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallucination of moving objects revealed by a dynamic noise background

Nakayama

Holcombe

2020

Preprint

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We show that on a dynamic noise background, the perceived disappearance location of a moving object is shifted in the direction of motion. This “twinkle goes” illusion has little dependence on the luminance- or chromaticity-based confusability of the object with the background, or on the amount of background motion energy in the same direction as the object motion. This suggests that the illusion is enabled by the dynamic noise masking the offset transients that otherwise accompany an object’s disappearance. While these results are consistent with an anticipatory process that pre-activates positions ahead of the object’s current position, additional findings suggest an alternative account: a continuation of attentional tracking after the object disappears. First, the shift was greatly reduced when attention was divided between two moving objects. Second, the illusion was associated with a prolonging of the perceived duration of the object, by an amount that matched the extent of extrapolation inferred from the effect of speed on the size of the illusion (~50 ms). While the anticipatory extrapolation theory does not predict this, the continuation of attentional tracking theory does. Specifically, we propose that in the absence of offset transients, attentional tracking keeps moving for several tens of milliseconds after the target disappearance, and this causes one to hallucinate a moving object at the position of attention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallucination of moving objects revealed by a dynamic noise background

Nakayama

Holcombe

2020

Preprint

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“…Spontaneous thoughts in both sleep and waking states reflect and contribute to internally generated personal and predictive models of the self and the world (Hong et al 2018 1999, Llewellyn 2016b). These models are constructed and reinforced based on their ability to generate, test, and refine expectancies, predictions, and actions that facilitate achievement of valued goals (Friston 2005, Miskovic et al 2019. Individuals constantly generate the building blocks of these models-the thoughts, feelings, and attributions that compose them-while they typically lack awareness they are doing so.…”

Section: Response Sets and Reality Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Lynn

Polizzi

Merckelbach

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identify empirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Questions can also be raised regarding the possible link between mirror- and eye-staring related phenomena and (i) the perceptual sequelae of exposure to homogeneous sensory stimuli, such as those elicited in Ganzfeld settings, which, like mirror-gazing, involve responding to a homogenous perceptual field, with little or no variability, alongside (ii) sensory deprivation, with particular relevance to AEs reported in the psychomanteum (see e.g., Miskovic et al., 2019). In both experimental contexts, participants have reported a wide range of hallucinatory percepts ranging from seeing geometric shapes, animals, body parts, eyes, faces, dream-like images and fantasies, and objects.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants also experience AEs in research on sensory deprivation (Miskovic et al., 2019). In studies that investigated pathological and non-pathological, chronic and temporary deficits and disturbances of consciousness, AEs were considered to be the consequence of neuro-computational deformations of brain maps of the external reality (Revonsuo et al., 2009) or brain maps of the body (Park & Blanke, 2019).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Caputo

Lynn

Houran

2020

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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We critically reviewed the protocols, results, and potential implications from empirical studies ( n = 44) on mirror-gazing (including the “psychomanteum”) and eye-to-eye gazing, both in healthy individuals and clinical patients, including studies of hypnotic mirrored self-misidentification, mirror-gazing in body dysmorphic disorder and schizophrenia. We found these methods to be effective for eliciting altered states or anomalous experiences under controlled conditions and in non-clinical samples. Mirror-gazing and eye-to-eye-gazing produced anomalous experiences almost exclusively in the visual, bodily, and self-identity modalities, whereas psychomanteum experiences tended also to involve voices, smells, and bodily touches. The complexity, diversity, and specificity in contents across these anomalous experiences suggest mechanisms beyond perceptual distortions or illusions. We argue that mirror- and eye-gazing anomalous perceptions implicate different mechanisms that induce (i) Derealization (anomalous perceptions of external reality); (ii) Depersonalization (anomalous perceptions of the body), and (iii) Dissociated identity (anomalous perceptions of another identity in place of the self in mirror-gazing or in place of the other in eye-to-eye gazing). These interpretations suggest directions for future researches.

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Perceptual phenomena in destructured sensory fields: Probing the brain’s intrinsic functional architectures

Cited by 9 publications

References 314 publications

Hallucination of moving objects revealed by a dynamic noise background

Hallucination of moving objects revealed by a dynamic noise background

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

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