Perempuan dan Teror: Memahami Peran Kombatan Perempuan dalam Kampanye ISIS

Abstract

At this time, writing about women in the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria campaign has focused on their role as supporters. While in acts of terror, ISIS often turns women into combatans in ISIS terror acts. The study was conducted with a content analysis method for documents discussing the acrion of ISIS in Iraq, Syria and Southeast Asia and analyzed by transnational crime theory. Since the development of globalization and the advancement of information, technology communication, terrorist groups have been easier to create transnational terrorism networks because they are supported by various technological conveniences. ISIS makes use of these modern tools to spread their ideology, find and recruit new members from all corners of the world more easily. In recent years ISIS suffered a major defeat that changed the map and strategy of terror. This article concludes that women have been incarnated as subjects in ISIS international terrorism. The use of women as combatants in ISIS terror attacks is unusual. Thoughts that ISIS has implanted since 2015 produced various results by doing new terror attacks with women as perpetrators. Deradicalization then carried out by military and non-military ways. The military way to attack ISIS actions with military weapons, while the non-military way by changing the thoughts of the perpetrators.

The Role of Women in Organizations Terrorism: Gender Dynamics in the Context of Ideology and Violence

“…Women's role in terrorism organizations After repeated defeats, ISIS underwent changes in its leaders and terrorist acts. One of these changes is involving women as combatants in its terrorist acts, which makes women play an important role in ISIS' terrorism campaign (Tambunan in Ismail et al, 2021). There are two perspectives on the use of women as terrorist fighters.…”

“…The first position is very important and involves great risk in decision-making. These women, however, are at a low level, such as followers or foot soldiers, as they are filled with eager members, but do not contribute much to the group (Victoroff in Ismail et al, 2021). Women occupy the second position as group leaders.…”

Tindakan Sosial Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Jaringan dan Aksi Terorisme di Indonesia

“…Sudah banyak media dan hasil penelitian yang telah mencatat aksi terorisme di Indonesia khususnya beberapa tahun belakangan ini yang tidak hanya dilakukan oleh laki-laki tetapi juga melibatkan perempuan. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya membahas keterlibatan perempuan dalam aksi terorisme di Indonesia secara umum yang dilakukan secara individu dan juga bersama keluarga dimana kebanyakan mereka terlibat jaringan kelompok teroris Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) (Amelia et al, 2020;Asiyah et al, 2020;Hartana, 2017;Kasanah, 2021;Mulia, 2018;Musfia, 2017;Nafisah, 2021;Qori'ah, 2019;Sukabdi, 2021;Wening & Wahyudi, 2021;Widyaningsih & Kuntarto, 2020;Wijaya, 2020;Rosyid, 2018). Hal ini karena pada aksi terorisme di Indonesia sebelum adanya ISIS, perempuan tidak dilibatkan secara langsung dalam aksi terorisme.…”

Women Terrorist Interests in the ISIS Movement: A Case Study in Indonesia

“…This phenomenon has led to widespread studies related to the role of women in acts of terrorism (Achievinna Mirza Senathalia et al, 2021). Terrorist action movements usually only involve men as leaders or members, but now it consists of the role of women in terrorism movements, both military and non-military (Nafisah, 2021). Through this article, the authors discuss the interests behind the participation of women in acts of terrorism in Indonesia.…”

“…Targeted at teenage girls who are still looking for their identity, to the point of deceiving and coercing them by giving an overview of the privileges of being a jihadist wife. This propaganda action certainly affects women in participating in the ISIS movement without knowing what role they must play in the movement (Nafisah, 2021).…”