Performance equations of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with feeds of varying degrees of humidification

Hsuen, Hsiao-Kuo; Yin, Ken‐Ming

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.079

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Summarizing, the net heat available during cell operation is that given by the residual heat, Q RES , minus the heat used to evaporate water production, Q P , Q AVAILABLE = Q RES − Q P [8] In Fig. 13 this heat is compared with the total heat required to condition the feed streams, Q HUM , given by Equations 3-5.…”

Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Early work to demonstrate stable performance for PEMFC using dry or slightly humidified gases has been reported by Büchi et al 5 Strategies for operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells include also the reduction of humidification of both reactant gases [7][8][9][10] or the dry operation of the cathode 11,12 or anode 13 sides. In the last decade, a wide variety of diagnostic and visualization tools have been used to investigate the complex phenomena involved in water management in PEMFCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Sánchez¹,

Ruiu²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Adequate water management represents one of the main challenges in the design and operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In this work, the influence of inlet gas humidification on cell performance is investigated by in-situ current density measurements obtained using the segmented cell approach. Particular attention is paid to the combined effect of cell temperature and relative humidity of the anode and cathode feed streams. When operated at 80 • C and low humidity conditions, the cell is seen to undergo a severe voltage decline that is not observed at 60 • C. The analysis shows that the variation with temperature of the water uptake rate of the gaseous streams plays a key role in determining the observed differences in performance stability. In the case of 60 • C operation, the water uptake rate of the cathode stream at 50% inlet relative humidity is roughly 30% of its value at 80 • C at the same humidification level, resulting in a significantly lower drying capacity. A simple balance of water model, able to explain the observed cell behavior, is finally presented and discussed. Energy demand has become one of the most serious concerns of modern society due to the problems related with greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels. In this context, hydrogen is expected to play an important role as future energy vector, with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) being the leading candidates to provide efficient and clean electric energy conversion during the XXI century. Recently, significant progress has been made toward meeting the challenging cost and performance targets required for the widespread use of PEMFCs, specifically in the automotive industry. 1The state-of-the-art of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technology is based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature between 60• C and 80 • C. 2 Since the ionic conductivity of PFSA membranes depends on the water content of the membrane, 3,4 water management is one of the most important issues for successful operation, high performance, and good durability of PEMFCs. Excess inlet gas humidification as well as condensation processes within the cell are likely to produce the accumulation of liquid water in the porous electrodes and gas diffusion media (effect known as flooding), thereby decreasing cell performance. On the other hand, an insufficient level of gas humidification lowers the ionic conductivity of the membrane and also results in a performance reduction.Numerous studies have investigated the operation of PEMFC under dry conditions in order to simplify operation. 5,6 Early work to demonstrate stable performance for PEMFC using dry or slightly humidified gases has been reported by Büchi et al. 5 Strategies for operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells include also the reduction of humidification of both reactant gases 7-10 or the dry operation of the cathode 11,12 or anode 13 sides. In the last decade, a wide variety of diagnostic and visualization tools have b...

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Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Sánchez¹,

Ruiu²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The validity of the proposed pseudo-phase equilibrium approach is evaluated by the semi-analytical method by Hsuen and Yin [52]. The analytical formulations are derived based on two major assumptions.…”

Section: Semi-analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is conserved in the membrane phase dN m w dz 0 (14 where water flux N m w is driven by electro-osmotic drag, diffusion, and pressure induced convection [52].…”

Section: Conservation Equations In the Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Consideration of Water Management

Yin

Hsuen

2013

Fuel Cells

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One‐dimensional model on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is proposed, where the membrane hydration/dehydration and the possible water flooding of the respective cathode and anode gas diffusion layers are considered. A novel approach of phase‐equilibrium approximation is proposed to trace the water front and the detailed saturation profile once water emerges in either anode or cathode gas diffusion layer. The approach is validated by a semi‐analytical method published earlier. The novel approach is applicable to the polarization regime from open circuit voltage to the limiting current density under practical operation conditions. Oxygen diffusion is limited by water accumulation in the cathode gas diffusion layer as current increases, caused by excessive water generation at the cathode catalyst layer and the electro‐osmotic drag across the membrane. The existence of liquid water in the anode gas diffusion layer is predicted at low current densities if high degrees of humidification in both anode and cathode feeds are employed. The influences of inlet relative humidity, imposed pressure drop, and cell temperature are correlated well with the cell performance. In addition, the overpotentials attributed from individual components of the MEA are delineated against the cell current densities.

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Analysis of stack operating conditions for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Saka

Orhan

2022

Energy

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Performance equations of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with feeds of varying degrees of humidification

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Mathematical Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Consideration of Water Management

Analysis of stack operating conditions for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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