Performance of fuel cell using calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from waste incineration fly ash and chicken bone powder

Abstract

Waste incineration fly ash and bone powder could be successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The electric conductivity of the crystallized hydrogel from them was compared with that from calcium carbonate reagent. It was found that the conductivity of the hydrogel from bone powder is almost equal to that from calcium carbonate reagent, which is higher than that from incineration fly ash. Because the crystallized hydrogel from incineration ash has a lower crystallinity than that from bone powder and calcium carbonate reagent. However, the difference of the conductivity among them can be hardly observed above 100 degrees C. The fuel cell with membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from incineration fly ash and bone powder was observed to generate electricity. The performance of fuel cells having the hydrogel membrane obtained from all raw materials increases with the cell temperature, and the fuel cell containing the hydrogel membrane from incineration fly ash has the highest dependence of the fuel cell performance. For this reason, the difference in the cell performance among them can be hardly observed above 120 degrees C. This tendency agrees with the change in the electric conductivity with the temperature. Further, the performance of all fuel cells with the hydrogel membrane is superior to that of the fuel cell with perfluorosulfonic polymer membrane at temperatures greater than approximately 85 degrees C.

One‐pot green synthesis of Cu/bone nanocomposite and its catalytic activity in the synthesis of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles and reduction of hazardous pollutants

“…The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the bone powder shows crystalline phase of Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 (JCPDS No. :74–0566) . The XRD pattern corresponding to the Cu/bone nanocomposite is shown in Figure .…”

Effective utilization of Coal Fly Ash (CFA): perspectives and opportunities in various industrial sectors and hydrocarbon extraction processes

“…There is a significant volume of research related to the use of fly ash as a filler or binding element in the formation of polymer hydrogels. From these studies, it can be concluded that hydrogels containing fly ash exhibit significant mechanical stability and rheological advantages compared to conventional hydrogels [30,31,32]. This indicates that fly ash can be a useful addition to hydrogels.…”

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogel Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cell

“…One of the most famous water-absorbing materials is hydrogel, which is a cross-linked polymer with high water absorption property that yet maintains a well-defined structure in water. It has been applied in water purification treatment, , electrode materials, , fuel cells, − etc. For example, chitosan and poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel binders with high water retention properties were conducive to ion migration in direct borohydride fuel cells at high operating temperatures .…”