“…For balancing the total heat flux produced by the TEG module, the rate of heat flow into the hot junction and the rate of heat rejected from the cold junction of the module can be determined using Eqs. (18) and (19) [ 53 , 54 ]. Where, is heat rate input on the hot side, is heat rejected from the cold side, is the temperature of a hot side, T c is the temperature of the cold side, k is thermal conductivity, N is the number of semiconductor thermocouples, I is the electric current of the module, and R is the resistance of the module.…”