Perinatal transmission of HIV-I in Zambia.

Hira, Subhash K.; Kamanga, J; Bhat, Ganapati; Mwale, C.; Tembo, George; Luo, N.; Perine, Peter L.

doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6710.1250

Cited by 140 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Transmission of the AIDS virus (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) from mother to fetus is currently a problem of some concern since in Europe the risk is estimated to be 14% (4,15), and in Africa the risk is estimated to be 40% (8). In order to decrease this type of transmission, treatment with the combination of zidovudine and IFN-ct has been considered in pregnant, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women (7,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of transplacental passage of alpha interferon by two assay techniques

Giroux

Mansat

et al. 1993

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Two methods of assaying alpha interferon (JFN-a) were compared during an experiment aimed at determining whether IFN-a crosses the human placenta. Human placentas, collected after delivery following a normal pregnancy to term, were catheterized on both sides: fetal and maternal. The IFN-a was introduced in known amounts in the maternal circulation and was assayed in the efferent fetal fluid. The following two detection methods were used: radioimmunoassay by competition with [1251]IFN-ce and assay with a biological system in which IFN-ce protected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells from destruction by vesicular stomatitis virus. The results obtained by the two methods were in perfect agreement for the efferent fetal fluid samples. They showed the absence of placental transfer of IFN-a. The biological method was found to be more sensitive than radioimmunoassay for low IFN-a titers (< 10 IU/ml) but was less reproducible, probably owing to the use of twofold dilutions. The specificities of the two methods were similar and their practicalities were equivalent; the biological method, however, was less costly. The study illustrates the complementarity of the two methods, which were based on different principles. The agreement obtained between the two methods provides a clear confirmation of the experimental results.We report a comparison of two methods for the assay of alpha interferon (IFN-a). Assay of any substance with a specific biological activity can generally be done by several types of techniques. If an antibody (Ab) against the substance is available, it can be used in quantitative immunoassays such as radioimmunologic, immunoenzymologic, and immunofluorometric assays. The activity of the substance can also be measured if investigators have available a suitable biological system which will show a quantifiable modification upon the addition of the substance. The first type of technique is based on recognition of an epitope of the molecule. The second type, whose implementation is often more problematic, is based on the biological activity that develops. In the latter case, it is often difficult to eliminate all interactions between susceptible substances to bring about the same effects (false-positive results) or to inhibit the effect (false-negative results). We opted for a double IFN-a assay: radioimmunology (12) and a biological method described by Lebon et al. (11) that uses the protective effect of IFN-a on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, which are sensitive to the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (1, 6).Transmission of the AIDS virus (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) from mother to fetus is currently a problem of some concern since in Europe the risk is estimated to be 14% (4, 15), and in Africa the risk is estimated to be 40% (8). In order to decrease this type of transmission, treatment with the combination of zidovudine and IFN-ct has been considered in pregnant, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women (7,9). Adoption of such a protocol depends on prior knowledge of the possible...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of transplacental passage of alpha interferon by two assay techniques

Giroux

Mansat

et al. 1993

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Studies in Zaire, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, Haiti, and Malawi have shown highest rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality in seroposi tive women compared with seronegative controls (17, 59,67,90,95,105,143). However, the findings have not been consistent and appear to be related to the severity of maternal HIV disease.…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 46%

“…For example, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the rate of HIV infection in pregnant women rose from 8% to more than 10% between 1982 and 1988 (14). In African cities, seroprevalence rates of 5-30% have been documented among women who attend antenatal clinics (17, 59,67,90,95,105,126,137,142,143). Rates of HIV infection have risen from 0% in 1980 to 3% in (133,134) and seropositivity to herpes simplex virus type II (31), which is the predominant cause of genital herpes, were strongly associated with HIV infection among women with or without a history of IV drug use.…”

Section: Hiv Prevalence In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and AIDS in Children

Quinn¹,

Ruff

Modlin

1992

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…Low birth weight as a result of intrauterine growth retardation is associated with high perinatal mortality, morbidity, and neurodevelopmental disorders (1) and is a common feature among the infants of HIV-infected mothers (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Emerging evidence indicates that both infected and uninfected infants of HIV-positive mothers can be developmentally compromised, suggesting a direct effect of maternal HIV infection (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of murine embryonic growth by human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide and activity-dependent neurotrophic factor.

Dibbern¹,

Glazner²,

Gozes³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

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Intrauterine growth retardation and neurodevelopmental handicaps are common among infants born to HIV-positive mothers and may be due to the actions of virions and/or maternally derived viral products. The viral envelope protein, gp120, is toxic to neurons, induces neuronal dystrophy, and retards behavioral development in neonatal rats. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a neuropeptide regulator of early postimplantation embryonic growth, and the neuroprotective protein, activity-dependent neurotrophic factor, prevent gp120-induced neurotoxicity. Whole embryo culture of gestational day 9.5 mouse embryos was used to assess the effect of gp120 on growth. Embryos treated with gp120 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth. gp120-treated embryos (10 Ϫ 8 M) grew 1.2 somites in the 6-h incubation period, compared with 3.9 somites by control embryos. Embryos treated with gp120 were significantly smaller in cross-sectional area and had significantly less DNA and protein than controls. Growth inhibition induced by gp120 was prevented by cotreatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide or activity-dependent neurotrophic factor. gp120 may play a role in the growth retardation and developmental delays experienced by infants born to HIV-positive mothers.

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Perinatal transmission of HIV-I in Zambia.

Cited by 140 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental study of transplacental passage of alpha interferon by two assay techniques

Experimental study of transplacental passage of alpha interferon by two assay techniques

HIV Infection and AIDS in Children

Inhibition of murine embryonic growth by human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide and activity-dependent neurotrophic factor.

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