Perineal Carriers of Staphylococci

J, Bøe; Solberg, Claus Ola; Vogelsang, Th. M.; Wormnes, A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5404.280

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Association between S. aureus nasal colonization and increased risk for infection was reported in the 1930s [44], and supported by several more recent studies [4, 12, 20, 44, 45]. It is suggested that S. aureus infections originate from endogenous nasal bacteria that are spread to the skin, which in turn cause infection when the integrity of the skin is compromised [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The most frequent sites of colonization are considered to be the skin, the perineum and the pharynx [44]. Several authors stress the need for more studies, and suggest multi-body site sampling [9, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In longitudinal studies, S. aureus carriage patterns have been classified as persistent, intermittent or non-existent [43, 47], with approximately 30% of humans being intermittent nasal carriers [44]. However, figures are varying, and nasal carriage was found in 44% in the general population of Malmö, Sweden, in 2011 [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Perineal and Overall Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in People Who Inject Drugs, Compared to Non-Injectors

et al. 2016

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To investigate the prevalence, distribution, and colonization burden of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MRSA in different body sites among people who inject drugs (PWID) and compare it to a control group consisting of non-injectors. In this cross-sectional survey, 49 active PWID from the needle exchange program (NEP) in Malmö, Sweden, and 60 non-injecting controls from an emergency psychiatric inpatient ward at Malmö Addiction Centre were tested for S. aureus (including MRSA) by culture, PCR, and MALDI-TOF. Samples were taken from anterior nares, throat, perineum, and skin lesions if present. Sixty-seven percent of the PWID were colonized with S. aureus, compared to 50% of the controls (P = 0.08). Perineal carriage was significantly more frequent among PWID than in the control group [37 vs 17%, OR 2.96 (95% CI 1.13–7.75), P = 0.03], also after adjusting for sex and age in multivariate analysis [OR 4.01 (95% CI 1.34–12.03)]. Only one individual in the whole cohort (NEP participant) tested positive for MRSA. PWID may be more frequently colonized with S. aureus in the perineum than non-injection drug users, and there was a trend indicating more frequent overall S. aureus colonization in PWID, as well as higher perineal colonization burden. No indication of a high MRSA prevalence among PWID in Sweden was noted. However, further MRSA prevalence studies among PWID are needed. Knowledge about S. aureus colonization is important for the prevention of S. aureus infections with high morbidity in PWID.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Perineal and Overall Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in People Who Inject Drugs, Compared to Non-Injectors

et al. 2016

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“…Strain typing suggested involvement of the same strains for both colonization sites [14]. Vice versa, about 50-70% of perineal carriers were also nasal carriers of the same strain [15]. It was reported that of 50 healthy male students screened, 11 (22%) had perineal carriage of S. aureus and that 5 of these were non-nasal carriers (10%) [16].…”

Section: Intestinal Carriage Frequencies Of S Aureus In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact?

Acton¹,

Plat-Sinnige

Wamel

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

214

162

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The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, including its methicillin-resistant variant (MRSA), finds its primary ecological niche in the human nose, but is also able to colonize the intestines and the perineal region. Intestinal carriage has not been widely investigated despite its potential clinical impact. This review summarizes literature on the topic and sketches the current state of affairs from a microbiological and infectious diseases' perspective. Major findings are that the average reported detection rate of intestinal carriage in healthy individuals and patients is 20% for S. aureus and 9% for MRSA, which is approximately half of that for nasal carriage. Nasal carriage seems to predispose to intestinal carriage, but sole intestinal carriage occurs relatively frequently and is observed in 1 out of 3 intestinal carriers, which provides a rationale to include intestinal screening for surveillance or in outbreak settings. Colonization of the intestinal tract with S. aureus at a young age occurs at a high frequency and may affect the host's immune system. The frequency of intestinal carriage is generally underestimated and may significantly contribute to bacterial dissemination and subsequent risk of infections. Whether intestinal rather than nasal S. aureus carriage is a primary predictor for infections is still ill-defined.

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“…Second, misclassification of the exposure of main interest (MRSA colonization) was also a concern in this study. The baseline screening of MRSA colonization (sampling of nares and perineum) is estimated to have a sensitivity of approximately 80% to 95%, 18 resulting in 5% to 20% of undetected colonized patients at enrollment in the study. Moreover, during follow-up, some MRSA carriers probably became negative, whereas new colonization occurred and remained undetected in others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Is Associated with Higher Mortality in Nursing Home Residents with Impaired Cognitive Status

Suetens

Niclaes

Jans

et al. 2006

J American Geriatrics Society

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Perineal Carriers of Staphylococci

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

High Perineal and Overall Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in People Who Inject Drugs, Compared to Non-Injectors

High Perineal and Overall Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in People Who Inject Drugs, Compared to Non-Injectors

Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact?

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Is Associated with Higher Mortality in Nursing Home Residents with Impaired Cognitive Status

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