Periodic leg movements in sleep in essential hypertension

Abstract

Key wordsThe presence of periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) was assessed in 91 subjects diagnosed with essential hypertension. More than 18 per cent of the sample had PLMS, which is considerably higher than in normal controls. Also, the prevalence was significantly correlated with the severity of hypertension, as well as with age. Periodic leg movements in sleep were inore frequent in the first few hours of the sleep period and during sleep stages 1 and 2. The arousing effect of PLMS was minimal, with only 17 per cent of all events related to an EEG arousal. O u r results suggest that PLMS are common in people with essential hypertension, although they do not seem to be associated with any particular sleep disorder.hypertension, nocturnal myoclonus, periodic leg movements, sleep.

Conversion of the Modulatory Actions of Dopamine on Spinal Reflexes from Depression to Facilitation in D3Receptor Knock-Out Mice

“…This phenotype resembles features of patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) that express a locomotor-like activity during sleep (termed periodic leg movements) and commonly have hypertension (Ali et al, 1991;Espinar-Sierra et al, 1997). RLS is a CNS disorder that manifests itself with abnormal sensations in the limbs that are reduced during motor activity and with a circadian pattern that peaks at night.…”

The Relationship of Stroke and Sleep-A Review

“…Sekiz yüz altmış bir hastadan oluşan bir örneklemde,saatte 30'un üzerinde UPBH'si olan hastalarda hipertansiyon riski iki kat artmış bulunmuştur. HBS ve UPBH'nin, kardiyovasküler hastalık, hipertansiyon ve inme riskini OUAS'dakine benzer şekilde sempatik hiperaktivite yoluyla arttırdığı görüşü desteklenmiştir (93)(94)(95). HBS ve UPBH'de hastaların uyanıklık reaksiyonu olarak tanımlanan elektroensefolografik değişiklikleri oldukça dikkat çekicidir.…”

“…HBS ve UPBH, iyi planlanmış bazı epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda, vasküler risk faktörlerini kontrol ettikten sonra dahi artan hipertansiyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalık riski ile ilişkilendirilmiştir (97,98). Bununla beraber UPBH'nin hipertansiyonun şiddeti ile korelasyonu da bildirilmiştir (94,99). Serebrovasküler veya kardiyovasküler hastalık riski artışının uykuda ortaya çıkan hareket bozukluklarına mı yoksa bunların sonucu oluşan hipertansiyonve kalp hızı artışına mı bağlı olduğunu bilmek önemlidir.…”

Cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with restless legs syndrome: current perspectives

“…9,15 There are multiple studies with inconsistent results for the association between hypertension and PLMS (even in the absence of RLS). In a cross-sectional study of 91 hypertensive patients, Espinar-Sierra et al 38 found a prevalence of PLMS (using an old version definition) in combined hypertension type I and type II group to be 13% compared with a prevalence of 36% in hypertension type III group. The study was limited by a small sample, with only 9 patients in the type I and II hypertension group, and another 9 patients in the type III hypertension group.…”

“…The study was limited by a small sample, with only 9 patients in the type I and II hypertension group, and another 9 patients in the type III hypertension group. 38 A cross-sectional study of 314 children (mean age 10.4 years; 62.4% boys) found that children with PLMS (N=17, PLMI ≥5/h) had a significantly higher risk for elevated nocturnal DBP (aOR =4.83; 95% CI, 1.66-14.07) and SBP (aOR = 6.25; 95% CI, 1.87-20.88) than those without PLMS. These results are important, as hypertension in children will likely translate to hypertension in adulthood and a higher risk for CVD development in the future.…”