“…If w S is oversized in relation to the equilibrium structure diameter found on unpatterned substrates, multi-structure growth on every artificial seed is likely to occur [13,21]. If, however, the seed diameter w S is chosen to be within the range of the equilibrium structure diameter (it has to be taken into account that especially for columnar structures, w is dependent on the actual height of the structure [25]), multi-columnar growth (i.e., the survival of more than one structure per seed) on single seeds can be avoided, and only one structure will grow on every seed [29,30]. Apart from that, w S influences the diameter w of the structures growing on the artificial seeds by setting a downward limit for w. Figures 9(a) and (b) show four-fold spirals grown on tetragonally patterned substrates with comparable template periods d ¼ 690 and 800 nm, but different seed diameters w S ¼ 155 and 260 nm.…”