Periodontal Health Status and Assessment of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Diabetic Patients and Systemically Healthy Persons : Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are complicated prolonged disorders through a recognized two-way association. There is elongated-conventional mark that hyperglycaemia in diabetes is affected on immuneinflammatory response and disturb the action of osteoclast and in balance bone turnover, which might rise the person vulnerability to the progress of prolonged periodontitis. Osteocalcin is one of the greatest plentiful matrix proteins originate in bones and produced absolutely there. Small osteocalcin crumbles are noticed in regions of bone remodeling and are in fact degradation products of the bone matrix, that is released outside cells into the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and saliva after destruction of periodontal tissue during periodontitis Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with Type2Diabetes Maleates (T2DM), males and females, were recruited for the study, with an age range of (30-50) years were divided into four groups, (20 subjects each): poorly controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus with chronic periodontitis group (CP+pT2DM ) and well controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus with chronic periodontitis group(CP+wT2M) , group of patients with only chronic periodontitis (CP )and control group with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy. From all subjects five ml of unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected, then, the samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were collected and kept frozen until the biochemical analysis to measure OC concentrations then clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss) were recorded for all subjects at four sites per tooth except for the third molars. Results: The results of this study revealed highly significant differences among all study and control groups for all the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss) ,and OC concentrations. Additionally patients had chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus(CP+pT2DM )demonstrated the highest median values of all clinical periodontal parameters and highest increase in levels of salivary OC followed by CP+wT2M group then CP and Control groups. The current study demonstrates the correlation between OC concentrations with each one of the clinical parameters.It revealed highly significant strong positive correlations with PLI, GI and BOP score 1, while highly significant strong negative correlations with PPD. Also, non-significant weak positive correlation existed with CAL in CP+pT2DM group. Also, high significant strong positive correlation with PLI, GI, BOP and CAL; while, non-significant weak positive correlation with PPD in CP+wT2M group . High-significant strong positive correlation with BOP and CAL, as well as, high significant moderate positive correlation with PPD and significant weak positive correlation with PLI, while non-significant weak positive correlation with GI existed in CP group .Finally, high significant moderate positive correlat...

The Effectiveness of Local Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Moderate Periodontitis

“…Osteocalcin is currently an effective marker of bone turnover when resorption and formation are coupled and is a particular marker of bone formation when formation and resorption are uncoupled. [39][40][41] All pregnant and lactating women were excluded due to increased susceptibility to periodontal infection, hormonal changes ,and alterations in the immune system. 42,43 Smokers were also excluded, as smoking increase proinflammatory circulating cytokine levels as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and alteres the collagen metabolism and wound healing, resulting in increasing the subgingival infection.…”

Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis

“…In patients with chronic periodontitis, salivary concentrations of bone biomarkers Osteonectin and osteopontin were found to be positively correlated with alveolar bone loss and other clinical periodontal parameters. 25 Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Periodontitis: Calprotectin is thought to be an important indicator of systemic inflammation. Calprotectin levels are elevated in periodontitis patients' saliva.…”

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“…An estimated, (171) million individuals were afflicted by DM globally; in 2011, that number had risen to more than (366) million, with the number anticipated to rise to more than (552) million by 2030. The DM is regarded as a hyperglycaemia and T2DM is susceptible to oral complications such as periodontal disease (PD), dry mouth, and abscesses [6,7] which is caused by insulin resistance, decreased function of pancreatic beta cells, and increased production of glucose by the liver [8]. Human immune systems recognize foreign substances and responds in a helpful manner to them.…”