Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are complicated prolonged disorders through a recognized two-way association. There is elongated-conventional mark that hyperglycaemia in diabetes is affected on immuneinflammatory response and disturb the action of osteoclast and in balance bone turnover, which might rise the person vulnerability to the progress of prolonged periodontitis. Osteocalcin is one of the greatest plentiful matrix proteins originate in bones and produced absolutely there. Small osteocalcin crumbles are noticed in regions of bone remodeling and are in fact degradation products of the bone matrix, that is released outside cells into the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and saliva after destruction of periodontal tissue during periodontitis Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with Type2Diabetes Maleates (T2DM), males and females, were recruited for the study, with an age range of (30-50) years were divided into four groups, (20 subjects each): poorly controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus with chronic periodontitis group (CP+pT2DM ) and well controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus with chronic periodontitis group(CP+wT2M) , group of patients with only chronic periodontitis (CP )and control group with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy. From all subjects five ml of unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected, then, the samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were collected and kept frozen until the biochemical analysis to measure OC concentrations then clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss) were recorded for all subjects at four sites per tooth except for the third molars. Results: The results of this study revealed highly significant differences among all study and control groups for all the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss) ,and OC concentrations. Additionally patients had chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled Type 2Diabetes Mellitus(CP+pT2DM )demonstrated the highest median values of all clinical periodontal parameters and highest increase in levels of salivary OC followed by CP+wT2M group then CP and Control groups. The current study demonstrates the correlation between OC concentrations with each one of the clinical parameters.It revealed highly significant strong positive correlations with PLI, GI and BOP score 1, while highly significant strong negative correlations with PPD. Also, non-significant weak positive correlation existed with CAL in CP+pT2DM group. Also, high significant strong positive correlation with PLI, GI, BOP and CAL; while, non-significant weak positive correlation with PPD in CP+wT2M group . High-significant strong positive correlation with BOP and CAL, as well as, high significant moderate positive correlation with PPD and significant weak positive correlation with PLI, while non-significant weak positive correlation with GI existed in CP group .Finally, high significant moderate positive correlat...

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used as dental implant materials because of their high mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. This research was undertaken to study the effect of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) sealing layer on the corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-coated titanium-based dental implants in pure saliva and fluoride-containing saliva solutions. The phase structure, chemical composition, and microstructure of coatings were investigated via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The deposition of the PMMA layer on the PEO-coated Ti dental implants was found to effectively seal the micropores and microcracks of the TiO2 coatings and block corrosive ions' penetration routes through the coating. Thereby, the results indicated that better corrosion performance was observed when the PMMA layer is applied on PEO-coated Ti dental implants than on the simple PEO coatings.

Anterior mandibulotomy (mandibular swing) is an essentialsurgicalapproachto tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space. Objectives: to evaluate the feasibility of the technique, to determine frequency of complications and outcomes.This study consisted of 11 patients surgically treated for primary tumors in oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space which included 7 females (64%) and 4 males(36%) with a mean age of 41.3 years, range from 40-65 years; lesion size range was 4-8 cm in greatest dimension. All patients underwent planned mandibular swing approach as part of the ablative surgery for different lesion in oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space. Preoperative work-up included mandible evaluation with panoramicradiography that provided information on the dental anatomy and the mental foramen position. The mandibular swing approach that performed for patients has been evaluated regarding the surgical exposure which was obtained and achievement of these procedures.Paramedianmandibulotomy was used in 9 cases (82%) which used for exposure of lesions in oropharynx and parapharyngeal space, while median mandibulotomy was used in 2 cases (18%) which used for lesions in oral cavity. monocortical plate and screws were used in ten cases (91%), while transosseous wiring used in one case (9%) which result in subsequent nonunion mandibular osteotomy site. In ten cases (91%) the exposure was good, while in one case (9%) the exposure was limited. these procedures allow total removal of lesion in ten cases(91%) and it alloweddebulking of one case (9%). Only three patients (27%) have been received postoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment for malignant lesion. The complication related to mandibular swing approach has been assessed and it was found that complication rate through the following up period that range from 6 -18 months was 36%. One patient had lost one of the incisors adjacent to the mandibulotomy site during the operation. One patient suffered from bony nonunion, one patient suffered from facial neuroparesis due to marginal mandibular nerve injury. The complication rate related to osteotomy was 18%.The lower lip splitting with paramedianmandibulotomy with miniplate fixation, is a safe, simple and reliable technique for providing excellent access to tumor of the oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngial space.

Our current research includes the manufacture of silver nanoparticles in a biological way, and their use in treating one of the diseases that affects teeth, which is the root canal necrosis. These nanoparticles act as an antibiotic that prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi at the site of caries that occurred in the dead root canal, and thus acts as a treatment for such and other pathological conditions caused by microbes to the teeth, which consequently lead to periodontitis. Infections on periodontal tissue due to root canal decay represent a natural response to biological defense, which is affected by the presence of microbial activity at the site of infection. The inflammatory response model is the same in any other part of the human body. Therefore, this inflammation is able to cause harmful consequences in the area around the decayed root canal that has not been properly treated when the filling is imprecise. The microorganisms that were diagnosed from the isolates that were taken from the place of decay are (Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus sp., Candida sp., Actinomyces sp., Actinobacillus sp., Bacillus sp.), in different proportions (37.6 %, 18 %, 16.4 %, 12.8 %, 9.5 %, 5.7 %), respectively. And after the process of producing silver nanoparticles, it was used in vitro to inhibit the growth and kill of these types of microorganisms, and thus eliminate inflammation originating in the root canal through the validity of using these nanoparticles as an irrigation agent or sealer in endodontics and an oral antiseptic in the form of an oral rinse, or any other method chosen by specialists in preventing the growth of microbes at the site of infection.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) refer to a group of heterogeneous pain and dysfunction conditions involving the masticatory system, reducing life quality of the sufferers. Aim of study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis with corticosteroid (betamethasone) injection and with sodium hyaluronate injection in treatment temporomandibular joint disorders, in conjunction with a stabilizing splint, for improving function and reducing pain, for preventing further deterioration of the TMJ dysfunction, to maintain improvements over time, and compare between them. Patients and methods: Fifty -four patients with TMJ disorders with age limit between 18 and 55 years of age, 9 males and 36 females, were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, in which one group received arthrocentesis with intra-articular corticosteroid (betamethasone) injection (1 ml), and another group received arthrocentesis with intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection (1 ml) in superior joint space ,in single puncture. Patients were followed at regular interval of 7th day, one month, 3, 6, 9, 12 months (follow up) after last injection. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.873 ± 34.112 years in Group-A treat by betamethasone and10.973± 33.27 years in Group-A treat by sodium hyaluronate (ranged from 18.2 to 55.0 years).