Periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontal disease involves complex interactions of microorganisms and host defenses. This work investigated the associations between putative bacterial pathogens, herpesviruses and chronic periodontitis. Subgingival samples were collected from 40 periodontally healthy individuals and from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis with probing depths of < or =3 mm or > or =6 mm. Multiplex and nested polymerase chain reactions were used to identify bacterial pathogens and herpesviruses. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type 1, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and EBV type 2 were detected in, respectively, 95, 75, 72.5, 50, 12.5 and 10% of sites with probing depths > or =6 mm. P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, EBV-1 and CMV were statistically associated with probing depths > or =6 mm. A. actinomycetemcomitans and EBV-2 showed no association with periodontitis sites, and no significant associations were found for any of the test infectious agents and probing depths < or =3 mm. Our results confirm an association between P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, EBV-1 and CMV, and chronic periodontitis. These infectious agents may play an important synergistic role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Periodontal Pathogens Suppress Histone Deacetylases, EZH2, and SUV39H1 To Promote Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Replication

“…The symptoms of periodontal disease in HIV patients are very distinctive and more severe (6). Accumulating evidence supports the notion that periodontal pathogens and viruses in the oral arena interact with each other to exert synergistic effects on the diseases they cause (30)(31)(32). Viral infection may weaken the host antimicrobial ability in favor of infection by periodontal pathogens, while periodontal pathogens may promote viral infection and reactivation for lytic replication.…”

Periodontal disease may associate with breast cancer

“…[15] The associations between infectious agents of putative bacterial pathogens, herpes viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type 1, cytomegalovirus (CMV) seems to play an important synergistic role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. [16][17][18] .…”

Microbial interaction of periodontopathic bacteria and Epstein-Barr virus and their implication of periodontal diseases

“…Furthermore, bacterial and viral co-infections were also reported to be more frequent in deep periodontal pockets. P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, EBV-1, HCMV, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and EBV-2 were detected in 95%, 75%, 72.5%, 50%, 12.5%, and 10% of sites with probing pocket depths deeper than 6 mm, respectively [22]. Higher concentrations of P. gingivalis bacilli were found in EBVpositive periodontal patients [21][22][23][24].…”

“…Our own unpublished data support these previous findings. In addition, many reports indicate that EBV prevalence in periodontitis patients correlated with periodontal pocket depth [21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, bacterial and viral co-infections were also reported to be more frequent in deep periodontal pockets.…”