Periodontal disease involves complex interactions of microorganisms and host defenses. This work investigated the associations between putative bacterial pathogens, herpesviruses and chronic periodontitis. Subgingival samples were collected from 40 periodontally healthy individuals and from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis with probing depths of < or =3 mm or > or =6 mm. Multiplex and nested polymerase chain reactions were used to identify bacterial pathogens and herpesviruses. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type 1, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and EBV type 2 were detected in, respectively, 95, 75, 72.5, 50, 12.5 and 10% of sites with probing depths > or =6 mm. P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, EBV-1 and CMV were statistically associated with probing depths > or =6 mm. A. actinomycetemcomitans and EBV-2 showed no association with periodontitis sites, and no significant associations were found for any of the test infectious agents and probing depths < or =3 mm. Our results confirm an association between P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, EBV-1 and CMV, and chronic periodontitis. These infectious agents may play an important synergistic role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is an infectious disease involving specific bacteria and viruses. Herpesviruses believed to play roles in it. The present study examines the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in subgingival and supragingival plaque of 61 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy controls. A nested polymerase chain reaction method was used. The clinical parameters, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were examined. Prevalence of EBV- 1, EBV-2 and CMV were 73.8%, 4.9% and 59%; respectively. There was no association between the presence of EBV-1, EBV-2 and CMV with bleeding on depth.

Background: This study aimed to define prevalence of qnr genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Lorestan province, west of Iran.

Introduction: The prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has been increased in worldwide. Thus therapeutic options are extremely limited. We performed a systematic review to evaluate of phenotypic and genotypic carbapenem resistance in A.baumannii reported in Iran. Methods: We systematically searched Pub Med, Web of Science direct and Google scholar databases to identify studies addressing the carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii. From the first 71 papers. Selected papers were published between 2005 and November 2016 .Although sample collection year, between 2002 and 20116. To estimate the prevalence of the DerSimonian and Laird randomized models, 95% confidence interval was used. For heterogeneity check, I2 was used. The Egger test was used to check the propagation bias. Results: Analysis of data exposed that there was an increase in resistance to carbapenems from 4.5% to 2005 year until 100% to 2016 year prevalence rate 65.4 (95% CI: 58.8 – 71.6). Conclusion: According to result of this study, the rate of resistance to carbapenem in A.baumannii the increasing in Iran. Present of carbapenem resistant isolates are major concern because carbapenems are main drug against MDR isolates.