Permeability of the reconstructed human epidermis model Episkin® in comparison to various human skin preparations☆

Netzlaff, Frank; Kaca, Monika; Bock, U.; Haltner-Ukomadu, Eleonore; Meiers, Peter; Lehr, Claus‐Michael; Schaefer, Ulrich F.

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.08.012

Cited by 98 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…2a). Characteristics of the commercially available tissue models are also generally well described in the literature (Eckl et al, 2014;Netzlaff et al, 2007Netzlaff et al, , 2005Ponec et al, 2002Ponec et al, , 2001Schaefer-Korting and Schreiber, 2008;Schmook et al, 2001;Shevchenko et al, 2010;Welss et al, 2004;Cannon et al, 1994;Rosdy and Clauss, 1990;Tinois et al, 1994) although not all details are disclosed in published work.…”

Section: Reconstructed In Vitro Human Skin Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Gordon

Daneshian

Bouwstra

et al. 2015

ALTEX

124

103

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SummaryModels of the outer epithelia of the human body -namely the skin, the intestine and the lung -have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive alternatives to animal testing. A variety of approaches to model these barriers are currently employed in such fields, ranging from the utilization of ex vivo tissue to reconstructed in vitro models, and further to chip-based technologies, synthetic membrane systems and, of increasing current interest, in silico modeling approaches. An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers in their various fields of application, and to discuss research-based, industry-driven and regulatory-relevant future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods. Issues of model relevance and preference, validation and standardization, acceptance, and the need for simplicity versus complexity were focal themes of the discussions. The outcomes of workshop presentations and discussions, in relation to both current status and future directions in the utilization and development of epithelial barrier models, are presented by the attending experts in the current report.

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Section: Reconstructed In Vitro Human Skin Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Gordon

Daneshian

Bouwstra

et al. 2015

ALTEX

124

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Comparison of the morphology at macroscopic and microscopic levels, analyses of biochemical markers, phototoxicity and irritancy testing have been performed (2,7,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). These constructs have, however, been demonstrated to be limited as models for human skin barrier function (1,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), determined by composition and structure of lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) (22)(23)(24)(25). However, no systematic studies of the structure and organization of cutaneous lipids in RSMs compared with human skin have been presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of structure and organization of cutaneous lipids in a reconstructed skin model and human skin: spectroscopic imaging and chromatographic profiling

Tfayli

Bonnier²,

Farhane

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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The use of animals for scientific research is increasingly restricted by legislation, increasing the demand for human skin models. These constructs present comparable bulk lipid content to human skin. However, their permeability is significantly higher, limiting their applicability as models of barrier function, although the molecular origins of this reduced barrier function remain unclear. This study analyses the stratum corneum (SC) of one such commercially available reconstructed skin model (RSM) compared with human SC by spectroscopic imaging and chromatographic profiling. Total lipid composition was compared by chromatographic analysis (HPLC). Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the conformational order, lateral packing and distribution of lipids in the surface and skin/RSM sections. Although HPLC indicates that all SC lipid classes are present, significant differences are observed in ceramide profiles. Raman imaging demonstrated that the RSM lipids are distributed in a non-continuous matrix, providing a better understanding of the limited barrier function.

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“…These skin models are an elegant tool for studying penetration and permeation of topically applied actives although the permeability is higher compared to human skin in vitro. But the ranking of compounds is similar and the data are highly reproducible [12][13][14] . The reduced barrier of skin models is mainly attributed to differences in lipid composition and lipid lamellar organization as well as the lack of desquamation 12,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label free non-invasive imaging of topically applied actives in reconstructed human epidermis by confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fleischli

Mathes

Adlhart

2013

Vibrational Spectroscopy

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Raman spectroscopy has become a versatile tool for the in vivo charaterisation of skin. Here we describe use of Raman spectroscopy for high resolution optical cross sectioning to resolve skin constituents and administered drugs at the cellular level. Percutaneous penetration is typically studied using permeation cells with biopsies of animals or human skin. Although this technique provides valuable clinical data, little insight is gained in the microstructure of drug penetration (intercellular or transcellular) or in the mode of action of applied vehicles or penetration enhancers. Therefore, a Raman microspectroscopic method was combined with a confocal scanning setup to image the microstructure of commercially available skin models (SkinEthic®) and the spatial distribution of penetrated actives. The models' microstructure was scanned without any special treatment or environment such as cutting, staining, freezing, or application of vacuum. The non-invasive Raman images reveal the layered structure of stratum corneum. This in particular for lipids while water tends to be more evenly distributed. When penetration of the hydrophilic active glycerol and the lipophilic octyl methoxycinnamate, OMC, was studied, a strong correlation between the local distribution of skin constituents and the hydrophilic / lipophilic character of the active was observed.

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Permeability of the reconstructed human epidermis model Episkin® in comparison to various human skin preparations☆

Cited by 98 publications

References 26 publications

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Comparison of structure and organization of cutaneous lipids in a reconstructed skin model and human skin: spectroscopic imaging and chromatographic profiling

Label free non-invasive imaging of topically applied actives in reconstructed human epidermis by confocal Raman spectroscopy

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