Persistence of added retinoids in organ culture media during induction of mucous metaplasia and glandular morphogenesis in hamster cheek pouches

Robinson, M. E.; Gibbins, Ann M. Verrinder; Hardy, Margaret H.

doi:10.1007/bf01954251

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Tbx4 and Tbx5 are shown to be involved in defining the identity of the chicken leg versus wing and hence scale or feather forming dermis (Rodriguez-Esteban et al, 1999). Epidermal cells can trans-differentiate and convert hairs into glands or scales to feathers under the influence of retinoic acid or by ectopic expression of specific molecules such as beta-catenin (Robinson et al, 1990;Dhouailly et al, 1980;Widelitz et al, 2000). A recently engineered K14 -noggin transgenic mouse shows that sweat glands are transformed to hairs , while noggin overexpression under the neuron-specific enolase promoter can convert outer root sheath keratinocytes into sebocytes (Guha et al 2004).…”

Section: Regional Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct mechanisms underlie pattern formation in the skin and skin appendages

Widelitz

Baker²,

Plikus

et al. 2006

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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SummaryPatterns form with the break of homogeneity, leading to the emergence of new structure or arrangement. There are different physiological and pathological mechanisms which lead to the formation of patterns. Here we first introduce the basics of pattern formation and their possible biological basis. We then discuss different categories of skin patterns and their potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Some patterns, such as the lines of Blaschko and naevus, are based on cell lineage and genetic mosaicism. Other patterns, such as regional specific skin appendages, can be set by distinct combinatorial molecular codes, which in turn may be set by morphogenetic gradients. There are also some patterns, such as the arrangement of hair follicles (hair whorls) and fingerprints, which involve genetics as well as stochastic epigenetic events based on physical-chemical principles. Many appendage primordia are laid out in developmental waves. In the adult, some patterns, such as those involving cycling hair follicles, may appear as traveling waves in mutant mice. Since skin appendages can renew themselves in regeneration, their size and shape can still change in the adult via regulation by hormones and the environment. Some lesion patterns are based on pathological changes involving the above processes and can be used as diagnostic criteria in medicine. Understanding the different mechanisms which lead to patterns on the skin will help us appreciate their full significance in morphogenesis and medical research. Much remains to be learned about complex pattern formation, a level between molecular biology and organism phenotypes.

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Section: Regional Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct mechanisms underlie pattern formation in the skin and skin appendages

Widelitz

Baker²,

Plikus

et al. 2006

Birth Defects Research Pt C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tbx4 and Tbx5 are shown to be involved in defining the identity of the chicken leg versus wing and hence scale or feather forming dermis (13). Epidermal cells can trans‐differentiate and convert hairs into glands or scales to feathers under the influence of retinoic acid or by ectopic expression of specific molecules such as beta‐catenin (14–16). A recently engineered K14–noggin transgenic mouse shows that sweat glands are transformed to hairs (17), while noggin overexpression under the neuron‐specific enolase promoter can convert outer root sheath keratinocytes into sebocytes (18).…”

Section: Categories Of Skin Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the biological basis of pattern formation of skin lesions?

Paus

Chuong²,

Dhouailly³

et al. 2006

Experimental Dermatology

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Pattern recognition is at the heart of clinical dermatology and dermatopathology. Yet, while every practitioner of the art of dermatological diagnosis recognizes the supreme value of diagnostic cues provided by defined patterns of 'efflorescences', few contemplate on the biological basis of pattern formation in and of skin lesions. Vice versa, developmental and theoretical biologists, who would be best prepared to study skin lesion patterns, are lamentably slow to discover this field as a uniquely instructive testing ground for probing theoretical concepts on pattern generation in the human system. As a result, we have at best scraped the surface of understanding the biological basis of pattern formation of skin lesions, and widely open questions dominate over definitive answer. As a symmetry-breaking force, pattern formation represents one of the most fundamental principles that nature enlists for system organization. Thus, the peculiar and often characteristic arrangements that skin lesions display provide a unique opportunity to reflect upon -and to experimentally dissect -the powerful organizing principles at the crossroads of developmental, skin and theoretical biology, genetics, and clinical dermatology that underlie these -increasingly less enigmatic -phenomena. The current 'Controversies' feature offers a range of different perspectives on how pattern formation of skin lesions can be approached. With this, we hope to encourage more systematic interdisciplinary research efforts geared at unraveling the many unsolved, yet utterly fascinating mysteries of dermatological pattern formation. In short: never a dull pattern! Prelude 1: Tracing skin patternsPattern recognition is the quintessential skill of a dermatologist. His ability to recognize the target lesions of erythema multiforme, the Wickham's striae of lichen planus and the geometric picture of factitial dermatitis affords him an advantageous position in therapy. Furthermore, the pattern of fingerprints provides a means of identifying every single one of the 6 000 000 000 people on our planet. It even distinguishes between identical twins. In addition, the distinctive palmar lines have spawned the thousands of spurious predictions of palmistry.Some patterns are indicative of ageing, such as wrinkles and the similar ridging of the fingernail plate. Onychogryphosis and pincer nail also reflect ageing keratin synthesis. The shoreline nail pattern and Beau's lines hark back to prior illness. Leukonychia is the sign of prior local injury to the nascent nail plate. The cutaneous horn stands as a dramatic sculpture of sun damage.

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“…Tbx4 and Tbx5 are shown to be involved in defining the identity of the chicken leg versus wing and hence scale or feather forming dermis (13). Epidermal cells can trans-differentiate and convert hairs into glands or scales to feathers under the influence of retinoic acid or by ectopic expression of specific molecules such as beta-catenin (14)(15)(16). A recently engineered K14noggin transgenic mouse shows that sweat glands are trans-formed to hairs (17), while noggin overexpression under the neuron-specific enolase promoter can convert outer root sheath keratinocytes into sebocytes (18).…”

Section: Region-specific Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoint 1

Chuong,

Paus

2006

Experimental Dermatology

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In summary, it is our opinion that dermatological diseases are highly patterned because the molecular make-up of skin is also highly patterned: pattern reflects function, function reflects morphology, morphology reflects molecular structure and disease reflects molecular perturbationcaused by manifold and sundry aetiologies. By understanding molecular structure, molecular networks, molecular properties and the control of molecular expression, we will understand the disease and its therapies. What generates cutaneous patterning and controls it? Ah, but that is the question…! (e.g. 8-13).

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Persistence of added retinoids in organ culture media during induction of mucous metaplasia and glandular morphogenesis in hamster cheek pouches

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Distinct mechanisms underlie pattern formation in the skin and skin appendages

Distinct mechanisms underlie pattern formation in the skin and skin appendages

What is the biological basis of pattern formation of skin lesions?

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