Persistence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Sterilized Soil but Failure to Confirm It’s Survival Overwinter in Field Soil

Ward, L. J.; D’Aubin, J.; Boer, S. H. De

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0003-1_84

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…C. sepedonicus does not survive in unsterilized field soils for long periods (van der Wolf et al, 2005 ), while it survives for over 29 years in sterilized soil (Ward et al, 2001 ). In the absence of undecomposed potato debris, it has been shown that the pathogen can survive in the soil for at least 1 year at temperatures lower than 4°C, but only for weeks at temperatures higher than 15°C (Howard et al, 1994 ; van der Wolf et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Biology and Epidemiology Of The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culture‐based conventional isolation methods are available for confirmation and purification of the ring rot pathogen. However, the bacteria grow relatively slowly on artificial media and are easily outcompeted by other microorganisms commonly found in environmental samples (Ward et al, 2001 ). Besides the basic general culture media recommended for the isolation and identification of actinobacterial plant pathogens (nutrient broth‐yeast extract [NBY], yeast extract‐peptone‐glucose agar [YPGA], and yeast extract‐dextrose‐calcium carbonate [YDC]; EPPO, 2006 ; Schaad et al, 2001 ), semiselective media are also available for the ring rot pathogen (de la Cruz et al, 1992 ).…”

Section: Isolation Detection and Identification Of The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations

Osdaghi

Wolf

Abachi

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Background Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) caused by the gram‐positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus is an important quarantine disease threatening the potato industry around the globe. Since its original description in 1906 in Germany, management of ring rot has been a major problem due to the seedborne nature (via seed tubers not true seeds) of the pathogen allowing the bacterium to be transmitted long distances via infected tubers. Disease symptoms On growing potato plants: interveinal chlorosis on leaflets leading to necrotic areas and systemic wilt. On infected tubers: vascular tissues become yellowish brown with a cheesy texture due to bacterial colonization and decay. Host range Potato is the main host of the pathogen, but natural infection also occurs on eggplant, tomato, and sugar beet. Taxonomic status of the pathogen Class: Actinobacteria; Order: Actinomycetales; Family: Microbacteriaceae; Genus: Clavibacter; Species: Clavibacter sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff 1914) Li et al. 2018. Synonyms (nonpreferred scientific names) Aplanobacter sepedonicus; Bacterium sepedonicum; Corynebacterium sepedonicum; Corynebacterium michiganense pv. sepedonicum; Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Microbiological properties Gram‐positive, club‐shaped cells with creamy to yellowish‐cream colonies for which the optimal growth temperature is 20–23°C. Distribution Asia (China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, South Korea, Uzbekistan, the Asian part of Russia), Europe (Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, European part of Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine), and North America (Canada, Mexico, USA). Phytosanitary categorization CORBSE: EPPO A2 list no. 51. EU; Annex designation I/A2.

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Section: Biology and Epidemiology Of The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Detection and Identification Of The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations

Osdaghi

Wolf

Abachi

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…The primary route by which C. sepedonicus can enter the EU is via infected potato tubers for planting (Van der Wolf et al, 2005a). Limited survival in soil could take place in connection with plant debris (Ward et al, 2001). The pathogen can also survive on agricultural machinery and implements, and potato storage material (crates and sacks), if conditions are cool and dry.…”

Section: Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Clavibacter sepedonicus

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Serio³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Clavibacter sepedonicus, a well-defined and distinguishable bacterial plant pathogen of the family Microbacteriaceae. C. sepedonicus causes bacterial ring rot of potato and is reported from North America, Asia and Europe. The bacterium is mostly tuber transmitted, but it can also enter host plants through wounds or via contaminated equipment. C. sepedonicus is regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAII, as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. In addition, Council Directive 1993/85/EEC concerns the measures to be taken within EU Member States (MS) against C. sepedonicus to (a) detect it and determine its distribution, (b) prevent its occurrence and spread, and (c) control it with the aim of eradication. The pest is present in several EU MS, but in all cases with a restricted distribution and under official control. C. sepedonicus could enter the EU and spread primarily via host plants for planting (i.e. potato tubers). The pest could establish in the EU, as the main host (potato) is commonly grown and climatic conditions are favourable. Direct potato losses following infection by C. sepedonicus can be substantial and are due to the destruction of the vascular tissue, wilting of the plant and rotting of the tubers. Infected hosts can remain asymptomatic. The main knowledge gaps are the geographic distribution of the pest and the host range. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration of C. sepedonicus as a potential quarantine pest are met, while, for regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the widespread presence in the EU is not met.

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“…In many countries including those belonging to the European Union, the pathogen is listed as a quarantine organism. Although Cs, as a hemibiotrophic bacterium, is dependent on its host plants, it is able to survive on contaminated surfaces for years, in particular at relatively low temperature and low humidity (Nelson 1978(Nelson , 1979(Nelson , 1980Nelson and Kozub 1990;Ward et al 2001). It is therefore important to take precautions to minimise the spread of Cs via contaminated soil, organic matter, storage facilities and equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Disinfection of Potato Cutting Machinery to Avoid Dissemination of Clavibacter sepedonicus

et al. 2021

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A potential cause of the dissemination of the potato ring rot bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs) is the use of automated seed potato cutters. The present study focuses on the question of whether disinfection practices are sufficient to prevent the transmission of Cs from contaminated machine parts to a new tuber lot. The disinfection efficacy was determined by establishing the culturability of Cs that remained after spray application of sodium-p-toluenesulfochloramide solution on clean and fouled specimens of machinery material that had been provided with an imprint of Cs biofilm. Although conventional spraying, with the authorized concentration of sodium-p-toluenesulfochloramide, of inoculated rubber, PVC and lacquered steel led to a substantial decrease of colony forming units, the treatment was insufficient for complete eradication of Cs. The presence of dirt negatively affected the efficacy of the disinfectant.

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Persistence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Sterilized Soil but Failure to Confirm It’s Survival Overwinter in Field Soil

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations

Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations

Pest categorisation of Clavibacter sepedonicus

Chemical Disinfection of Potato Cutting Machinery to Avoid Dissemination of Clavibacter sepedonicus

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