Personal cleanser technology and clinical performance

Abbas, Syed Akbar; Goldberg, Jessica Weiss; Massaro, M. Rita

doi:10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1004.x

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…63 The pH of normal soap is alkaline and ranges from 9.5 to 11.0. 64 The ability of soap to clean the skin is based on releasing free alkali and insoluble acid salts. The alkali pH of soap is produced by the hydrolysis of soap in an aqueous solution, by which a quantity of alkali is released, raising the pH of the water to about 10.0 to 11.0.…”

Section: Perineal Cleansingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis

Gray

Beeckman

Bliss

et al. 2012

Journal of Wound, Ostomy &Amp; Continence Nursing

187

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In 2009, a multinational group of clinicians was charged with reviewing and evaluating the research base pertaining to incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and synthesizing this knowledge into best practice recommendations based on existing evidence. This is the first of 2 articles focusing on IAD; it updates current research and identifies persistent gaps in our knowledge. Our literature review revealed a small but growing body of evidence that provides additional insight into the epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of IAD when compared to the review generated by the first IAD consensus group convened 5 years earlier. We identified research supporting the use of a defined skin care regimen based on principles of gentle perineal cleansing, moisturization, and application of a skin protectant. Clinical experience also supports application of an antifungal powder, ointment, or cream in patients with evidence of cutaneous candidiasis, aggressive containment of urinary or fecal incontinence, and highly selective use of a mild topical anti-inflammatory product in selected cases. The panel concluded that research remains limited and additional studies are urgently needed to enhance our understanding of IAD and to establish evidence-based protocols for its prevention and treatment.

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Section: Perineal Cleansingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis

Gray

Beeckman

Bliss

et al. 2012

Journal of Wound, Ostomy &Amp; Continence Nursing

187

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“…Soaps are water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids that are treated with a strong alkali and act as surfactants. 7 Additional surfactants are often added to soaps to decrease the surface tension of the water, making it a better wetting agent, and allowing the water within the soap to gain access to organic debris. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) is a synthetic surfactant that is frequently added to commercial soap preparations.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Washing and Drying Practices on Skin Barrier Function

Voegeli

2008

Journal of Wound, Ostomy &Amp; Continence Nursing

109

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PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to explore the potential contribution to skin damage caused by standard washing and drying techniques used in nursing.DESIGN: An experimental cohort design was used, with healthy volunteers (n = 15) receiving 6 different washing and drying techniques to the volar aspect of the forearm. Subjects underwent 3 washing and drying techniques on each arm; each technique was repeated twice, separated by a 2-hour rest period. METHODS:Skin integrity was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin pH, and erythema. Comparisons were made between washing with soap or water alone, and drying using a towel (rubbing and patting) or evaporation. The significance of any difference was assessed by nonparametric analysis. The study was approved by the local research ethics committee, and all volunteers gave informed consent. RESULTS:TEWL was seen to increase following each type of wash, and increased further following repeated washing. Drying of the skin by patting with a towel increased TEWL to give readings identical to those obtained from wet skin. There was an increase in skin pH with all washing and drying techniques, particularly when soap was used. Erythema also increased with repeated washing, particularly when soap was used. No significant changes were observed in skin hydration as measured by a corneometer, although there was a tendency for the values to decrease with washing.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that washing with soap and water and towel drying has a significant disrupting effect on the skin's barrier function. There is tentative evidence to suggest that a cumulative effect may exist with damage increasing as washing frequency increases. Drying the skin by patting with a towel offers no advantage to conventional gentle rubbing as it leaves the skin significantly wetter and at greater risk of frictional damage. ■ IntroductionThe promotion and maintenance of skin integrity remains one of the most common challenges facing healthcare professionals. Estimates suggest that basic skin care, consisting of washing and drying patients, accounts for 12% to 17% of total nursing time in a typical acute care setting. 1 However, this activity increases significantly during the care of individuals with urinary or fecal incontinence, as washing and drying forms the cornerstone of skin care for this group, in order to prevent irritation and skin breakdown. Globally it is suggested that over 200 million people suffer from significant urinary incontinence, and therefore are at risk of skin breakdown. 2 In the United Kingdom alone, Durrant and Snape 3 suggest that 50% of nursing home residents have urinary incontinence, and overall incidence rates of 40% to 70% in the UK elderly population are reported by the Royal College of Physicians. 4 Early work by Lyder 5 claimed that perineal dermatitis and skin breakdown occurs in 35% of hospitalized elderly patients with incontinence, rising to 41% of individuals in long-term care settings, demonstrating the significance ...

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“…In general, liquid cleanser has more slightly acidic pH than cleansing bars since their formulations are complicated, utilizing a combination of surfactant including amphoteric, anionic, non-ionic, and silicone surfactants [29]. Liquid cleansers also contain a mixture of emollients and humectants that lowering the pH of product and also moisten the dry skin caused primarily by anionic surfactants [30]. Adding antibacterial agents is not the only factor causing variation of the pH, which may be depending on the formulation of that cleanser [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pH of antiseptic cleansers

Kulthanan

Maneeprasopchoke

Varothai

et al. 2014

Asia Pacific Allergy

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BackgroundDaily bathing with antiseptic cleansers are proposed by some physicians as an adjunctive management of atopic dermatitis (AD). As atopic skin is sensitive, selection of cleansing products becomes a topic of concern.ObjectiveOur purpose is to evaluate the pH of various antiseptic body cleansers to give an overview for recommendation to patients with AD.MethodsCommonly bar and liquid cleansers consisted of antiseptic agents were measured for pH using pH meter and pH-indicator strips. For comparison, mild cleansers and general body cleansers were also measured.ResultsAll cleansing bars had pH 9.8-11.3 except syndet bar that had neutral pH. For liquid cleansers, three cleansing agents had pH close to pH of normal skin, one of antiseptic cleansers, one of mild cleansers and another one of general cleansers. The rest of antiseptic cleansers had pH 8.9-9.6 while mild cleansers had pH 6.9-7.5. Syndet liquid had pH 7 and general liquid cleansers had pH 9.6.ConclusionThe pH of cleanser depends on composition of that cleanser. Adding antiseptic agents are not the only factor determining variation of pH. Moreover, benefit of antiseptic properties should be considered especially in cases of infected skin lesions in the selection of proper cleansers for patients with AD.

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Personal cleanser technology and clinical performance

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis

Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis

The Effect of Washing and Drying Practices on Skin Barrier Function

The pH of antiseptic cleansers

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