“…When the studies in the literature are examined in the light of all this information, many studies on rail passenger transport (Baumol, 1975;Due, 1997;Jing and Yin, 2020;Kulbovskyi et al, 2019) and air passenger transport (de Oliveira Dias, 2019; Demirhan et al, 2021;Goetz, 1992;Moura et al, 2020;Oleshko and Heiets, 2018;Wolle, 2021;Yang et al, 2018) have been found. Although there are studies using different methods that examine the two modes of transport together (Albalate et al, 2015;Chen, 2017;Clewlow, 2012;Erdogan et al, 2020;Grimme, 2007;Pagliara et al,.…”