Perspectives on interstitial photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors

Abstract

Significance: Despite remarkable advances in the core modalities used in combating cancer, malignant diseases remain the second largest cause of death globally. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (IPDT) has emerged as an alternative approach for the treatment of solid tumors. Aim:The aim of our study is to outline the advancements in IPDT in recent years and provide our vision for the inclusion of IPDT in standard-of-care (SoC) treatment guidelines of specific malignant diseases.Approach: First, the SoC treatment for solid tumors is described, and the attractive properties of IPDT are presented. Second, the application of IPDT for selected types of tumors is discussed. Finally, future opportunities are considered.Results: Strong research efforts in academic, clinical, and industrial settings have led to significant improvements in the current implementation of IPDT, and these studies have demonstrated the unique advantages of this modality for the treatment of solid tumors. It is envisioned that further randomized prospective clinical trials and treatment optimization will enable a wide acceptance of IPDT in the clinical community and inclusion in SoC guidelines for well-defined clinical indications. Conclusions:The minimally invasive nature of this treatment modality combined with the relatively mild side effects makes IPDT a compelling alternative option for treatment in a number of clinical applications. The adaptability of this technique provides many opportunities to both optimize and personalize the treatment.

Broadly Applicable Bispecific Linker Approach to Noncovalently Target Therapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumor Cells Expressing Carcinoembryonic Antigen

“…Collectively, these results highlight the selective and therapeutic advantage of using MFE23.ZZ-2B10–C e 6GV to target and kill CEA-expressing tumor cells in vitro. It should be noted that while C e 6 has several desirable properties for photodynamic therapy, − in vivo preclinical studies involving in situ tumors would likely be better served using different photodynamic reagents, namely, chromophores activated by longer wavelengths of light allowing for enhanced depth of penetration (up to 5 cm) . IR825 is a cyanine derivative and one example of a near-infrared light-absorbing drug that could be explored …”

Chemopreventive and Anticancer Role of Resveratrol

“…This therapy is highly effective in treating pre-malignant and malignant SCs, as well as other tumors like lung and colon cancer [107]. ALA-PDT offers several advantages, including accurate targeting of tumor tissues, non-invasiveness, favorable cosmetic outcomes, fewer adverse effects, short therapy duration, and reduced expenses compared to alternative treatments [108]. However, its efficacy may be reduced for expansive or deeply situated tumors, and resistant or recurrent tumors may emerge [109].…”

Combination of phototherapy with immune checkpoint blockade: Theory and practice in cancer

“…Prostate cancer was the second most frequent cancer in 2020. There are primarily four photosensitizers, including Tibofen, Motexafin Lutetium (MLU), Vitibofen, and Padeliporfin, used in clinical PDT for prostate cancer (144). PDT using various photosensitizers for the focal ablation of prostate tumors has been tested in clinic (145).…”