Perspektif Pengembangan Ekonomi Kedelai di Indonesia

Abstract

Soybean as one of agricultural commodity plays an important role in the Indonesian' economy. The role intertwined in the food crops demand, consumption, trade, and the farmers' income. Technical as well as economical aspects are faced by the Indonesian government to promote local or domestic soybean, especially when it has to compete with the imported soybean. Presently, soybean farming system is financially profitable, taking the advantage of the Indonesian protection policy. Economically, soybean-farming system is inefficient due to inefficiency in using the domestic resources to meet the domestic demand and export promotion. This study concluded that several strategic policies that have to be taken by Indonesian' government to increase the competitiveness of local or domestic soybean are: (1) to promote suitable region specifically for soybean, (2) to increase soybean yield or productivity through introducing the high yield varieties adapted to the region, efficiency on the on-farm management, (3) import tax to protect domestic soybean, (4) to introduce the new post harvest technology (to minimize harvest losses) and other non-price policy.Keyword: soybean development, comparative advantage, productivity and efficiency, development perspective. ABSTRAKKomoditas kedelai memegang peranan panting dalam ekonomi rumah tangga petani, konsumsi pangan, kebutuhan dan perdagangan pangan nasional. Pengembangan komoditas ini dihadapkan pada permasalahan teknis, sosial-ekonomi, dan defisit perdagangan dan daya saing dengan kedelai impor. Usahatani kedelai menguntungkan secara finansial karena didukung oleh kebijaksanaan protektif. Komoditas kedelai secara ekonomi dinilai kurang efisien dalam Fternanfaatan sumber daya domestik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan lebih-lebih lagi untuk tujuan promosi ekspor. Kebijaksanaan strategis yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya saing kedelai nasional adalah pemilihan wilayah pengembangan yang sesuai, peningkatan produlctivitas melalui penciptaan varietas dengan adaptasi dan potensi hasil yang lebih tinggi serta perbaikan manajemen usahatani, kebijaksanaan tarif impor yang memadai untuk mendorong adopsi teknologi dan peningkatan produksi. Disamping peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi, perlu terus diupayakan peningkatan stabilitas hasil, penekanan senjang hasil, kehilangan hasil saat panen dan pengolahan, serta kebijaksanaan nonharga Iainnya.Kata kunci: pengembangan kedelai, keunggulan komparatif, produktivitas dan efisiensi, perspektif pengembangan. 1985). Dengan demikian ketersediaan kedelai yang tinggi di dalam negeri akan dapat meningkatkan gizi masyarakat melalui konsumsi kedelai biji dan terutama produk kedelai olahan seperti tahu, tempe, kecap, dan tauco. Kebutuhan kedelai terus meningkat pesat sejalan dengan pertumbuhan industri pakan temak, dimana bungkil kedelai merupakan komponen utama setelah jagung, karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi. PENDAHULUAN

Pemuliaan Mutasi untuk Perbaikan terhadap Umur dan Produktivitas pada Kedelai

“…Di samping itu kedelai juga merupakan komoditas kacangkacangan yang kaya akan protein. Kedelai segar sangat dibutuhkan dalam industri pangan sedangkan bungkil kedelai dibutuhkan untuk industri pakan (Sudaryanto dan Swastika, 2007). Produksi kedelai selama tiga warsa terakhir belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri, hal ini menyebabkan impor kedelai setiap tahun terus meningkat.…”

Competitiveness Improvement Strategy of Soybean Commodity: Study of Food Security in East Java - Indonesia

“…In contrast, Rante's study (2013) which analyses the soybean crop development strategies for the economic empowerment of rural people in Keerom Regency recommends the financial feasibility of local soybean farming. Strategies used in increasing production of local soybean and processing industry development on the basis of local soybean by the capital assistance of either bank or non-bank financial institutions (Sudaryanto et al, 2001).…”

“…Competitiveness Improvement Strategy of Soybean Commodity: Study of Food Security in East Java -Indonesia production facilities, determining the lowest retail price for soybean farmers to protect them, and setting the highest retail price to protect the soybean processing industry. In addition, the government and stakeholders also need to review the policy of soybean import if they want to make possibility of national self-sufficiency of soybeans (Joshi, Maharjan, 2007;Sudaryanto, 2001).…”

Analysis Import Policy of Soybean on Economics Performance of Indonesian Soybean

“…Since the soybean trade was independent from BULOG in 1998, soybean imports increased very rapidly (Sudaryanto and Swastika, 2007). This research aims to find out economy performance from soybean, analyses factors that influence the economic performance of Indonesian soybean and findings the alternative of policies that can reduce soybean imports in Indonesia.…”

“…Since the free control of soybean trade from BULOG starting in 1998 and since Indonesia is involved with the Treaty of ACFTA in 2010 import of soybeans has increased very rapidly (Sudaryanto and Swastika, 2007). The average import of soybean in Indonesia within a twenty year is 1,428,790 tonnes per year.…”