Perubahan Penggunaan dan Tutupan Lahan, Serta Faktor Penyebabnya di Pulau Bengkalis, Provinsi Riau (periode 1990-2019)

Abstract

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan perubahan tutupan lahan yang dinamis karena sumber perekonomian negara yang bersumber pada pengelolaan sumber daya berbasis lahan. Di sisi lain, pengelolaan tersebut berdampak negatif seperti konflik sosial dan kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengamati pola perubahan tutupan lahan dan mengeksplorasi faktor pendorong penyebab perubahan tersebut pada periode 1990-2019 di Pulau Bengkalis, Indonesia untuk memantau dan menghasilkan informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam meminimalkan perubahan tutupan lahan yang tidak terkendali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mempelajari laporan dan penelitian sebelumnya, observasi, dan melaksanakan fokus grup diskusi dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan GIS dalam analisis perubahan tutupan dan penggunaan lahan multiwaktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan hutan alam menurun tajam sejak tahun 1990. Setelah tahun 2000, area kebun campuran lebih luas dibandingkan dengan tutupan hutan alam. Luas areal perkebunan kelapa sawit dan hutan tanaman juga mulai meningkat. Program transmigrasi telah memicu pembukaan lahan besar-besaran di Pulau Bengkalis. Pembukaan lahan oleh transmigran dan krisis ekonomi mendorong pembukaan lahan yang lebih besar oleh transmigran spontan.

Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity based on land capability for agriculture development in the Melolo Transmigration Area, East Sumba

“…This can be seen from the composition of land cover which is larger than land use. Juniyanti et al (2020) state that changes in land cover occur due to several basic causes that encourage land clearing and land management at the site level so that there is land use. Land use is an expression of the interaction between the environment and human activities to make the environment fit the needs (Juniyanti et al, 2020) and economic interests (Mulya et al, 2019).…”

“…Juniyanti et al (2020) state that changes in land cover occur due to several basic causes that encourage land clearing and land management at the site level so that there is land use. Land use is an expression of the interaction between the environment and human activities to make the environment fit the needs (Juniyanti et al, 2020) and economic interests (Mulya et al, 2019). Land use by residents for buildings and settlements, plantations, dry land agriculture, and paddy fields is still very low, namely below 10% of the total area.…”

30 years trend of peatland utilization in Riau Province

“…This utilization develops along with the need for land clearing by the community and the rate of population growth [22]. In addition, uncontrolled changes in peatland cover are caused by more and more actors at the site level having an interest in land accompanied by unclear land ownership [23]. Changes in land use to non-productive non-forest include open land, swamps, shrubs, and swamp scrub.…”

Land use change from marginal peaty rice fields to other land uses in Air Hitam irrigation area, Bengkulu, Indonesia

“…The development of remote sensing technology provides the basis and data for LUCC with dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis [13]. Indonesia is one of the countries with dynamic land cover changes because the country's economy is sourced from land-based resource management [14]. Problems of food productions because agricultural land conversions from food crop areas into industrial crops expansions in Indonesia became hot issues in last ten years [15].…”