Pesticide exposure in New Zealand school-aged children: Urinary concentrations of biomarkers and assessment of determinants

Li, Yan; Wang, Xianyu; McKenzie, Jean Feary; Mannetje, Andrea ’t; Cheng, Shih-Lung; He, Chang; Leathem, Janet; Pearce, Neil; Sunyer, Jordi; Eskenazi, Brenda; Yeh, Ruby Y.; Aylward, Lesa L.; Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Mueller, Jochen F.; Douwes, Jeroen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107206

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…An interesting finding, to be further investigated, was the low risk observed for Spanish pregnant women, observed by Llop et al [31] for samples taken in 2003-2006, when high MRLs were allowed in the EU, and confirmed by Bravo et al [38] for samples collected in 2016-2017. The measured TCPy levels were similar or lower than those reported in other areas of the world [39][40][41], thus the risk assessment conclusions can be extrapolated to other regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data: A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos

Tarazona

González-Caballero

Alba-Gonzalez

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers’ exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer’s internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data: A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos

Tarazona

González-Caballero

Alba-Gonzalez

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…It is thought that the use of pesticides at home and the high rates of playing on the lawn may be among the factors that caused the detection of higher TCPY and 3-PBA levels in children living in Mersin. It has been reported that pesticide levels in children's urine samples collected in different seasons show signi cant differences (Li et al 2022). In order not to be affected by seasonal differences, urine collection processes in both provinces occurred in the same season.…”

Section: Page 7/14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While 3-PBA could not be quanti ed in the urine of children in Norway(Cequier et al 2014), the value obtained byGlorennec et al (2014) in France is lower than in our study. In a biomonitoring study conducted in children aged 5-14 years in New Zealand between 2015 and 2017, very high exposure levels were determined for both PYRs and OPs(Li et al 2022). On the other hand, the mean urinary TCPY concentration determined in this study was 0.06 ng/ml.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Preschool Children’s Exposure Levels to Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticide: A Human Biomonitoring Study in Two Turkish Provinces

Göl¹,

Çok²,

Battal³

et al. 2023

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Pesticides are products that were developed for the bene t of humanity. However, now they are one of the critical risk factors threatening the environment, and they create a signi cant threat to the environmental health of children. Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in Turkey as well as all over the world. The main focus of this presented study was to analyze the OP and PYR exposure levels in urine samples obtained from 3-6 year old Turkish preschool children who lives in the Ankara (n:132) and Mersin (n:54) provinces. In order to conduct the determination of three non-speci c metabolites of PYR insecticides and four non-speci c and one speci c metabolite of OPs LC-MS/MS quantitative analyses were employed. The non-speci c PYR metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) (87.1%; n = 162) and the speci c OP metabolite 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) (60.2%; n = 112) were the most frequently detected metabolites in all urine samples. The mean concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY were 0.38 ± 0.8 and 0.11 ± 0.43 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Although due to the large individual variation no statistically differences were found between 3-PBA (p = 0.9969) and TCPY (p = 0.6558) urine levels in the two provinces, signi cant exposure differences were determined both between provinces and within the province in terms of gender. Risk assessment strategies performed in light of our ndings do not disclose any proof of a possible health problems related to analyzed pesticide exposure in Turkish children.

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“…Regarding human biomonitoring, pyrethroids are among the most frequently studied pesticides; this is explained by the widespread use and the public health concern as well as the availability of well-established analytical methods [3]. Variability in exposure levels seems to be high among geographical regions but low between professional users and the general population [4]; and recent studies have confirmed an increase in exposure, at least, in North America [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tiered Approach for Assessing Individual and Combined Risk of Pyrethroids Using Human Biomonitoring Data

Tarazona

Cattaneo

Niemann

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Pyrethroids are a major insecticide class, suitable for biomonitoring in humans. Due to similarities in structure and metabolic pathways, urinary metabolites are common to various active substances. A tiered approach is proposed for risk assessment. Tier I was a conservative screening for overall pyrethroid exposure, based on phenoxybenzoic acid metabolites. Subsequently, probabilistic approaches and more specific metabolites were used for refining the risk estimates. Exposure was based on 95th percentiles from HBM4EU aligned studies (2014–2021) covering children in Belgium, Cyprus, France, Israel, Slovenia, and The Netherlands and adults in France, Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. In all children populations, the 95th percentiles for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) exceeded the screening value. The probabilistic refinement quantified the risk level of the most exposed population (Belgium) at 2% or between 1–0.1% depending on the assumptions. In the substance specific assessments, the 95th percentiles of urinary concentrations in the aligned studies were well below the respective human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Both information sets were combined for refining the combined risk. Overall, the HBM data suggest a low health concern, at population level, related to pyrethroid exposure for the populations covered by the studies, even though a potential risk for highly exposed children cannot be completely excluded. The proposed tiered approach, including a screening step and several refinement options, seems to be a promising tool of scientific and regulatory value in future.

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Pesticide exposure in New Zealand school-aged children: Urinary concentrations of biomarkers and assessment of determinants

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data: A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos

Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data: A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos

Assessment of Preschool Children’s Exposure Levels to Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticide: A Human Biomonitoring Study in Two Turkish Provinces

A Tiered Approach for Assessing Individual and Combined Risk of Pyrethroids Using Human Biomonitoring Data

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