Pharmacodynamic and cytotoxicity effects of <i>Syzygium cordatum</i> {S Ncik, 48 (UZ)} fruit-pulp extract in gastrointestinal tract infections

Syzygium Cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss: An Overview of Its Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties

“…Alkaloids, anthracenoside aglycones (emodols), anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glucosides, phenols, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids have been identified from bark, fruits, leaves and seeds extracts of S. cordatum [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Some of these phytochemicals have been quantified ( Table 4 ) and these include flavonoids, flavonols, gallotannin, phenolics, proanthocyanidin and tannins [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 ].…”

“…Several pharmacological activities of S. cordatum have been reported in the literature justifying some of the medicinal uses of the species. These pharmacological activities include antibacterial [ 16 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], antifungal [ 50 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], antidiarrheal [ 22 , 47 , 51 , 52 ], anti-sexually transmitted infections [ 33 , 34 ], antidiabetic [ 51 , 59 ], anticholinesterase [ 50 ], anti-inflammatory [ 50 , 60 ], antileishmanial [ 61 ], antioxidant [ 45 , 48 , 60 , 62 ], antiplasmodial [ 39 , 63 , 64 ] and anti-proteus [ 65 ].…”

“…Extracts exhibited activities with MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.1 mg/mL to 50.0 mg/mL which was comparable to MIC and MBC values of ciprofloxacin, the positive control ranging from 1.6 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL [ 47 ]. Maliehe et al [ 52 ] evaluated antibacterial activities of methanol pulp extract of S. cordatum against Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio vulnificus using serial microdilution method with DMSO and ciprofloxacin as negative and positive controls, respectively. The extract exhibited activities with MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.1 mg/mL to 6.3 mg/mL and 3.1 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively; and these values are comparable to MIC and MBC values of the control which ranged from 1.6 mg/mL to 3.1 mg/mL and 3.1 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively [ 52 ].…”

“…The S. cordatum fruit-pulp and seed extracts, in a dose-related manner (400 mg/kg of rat), exerted the antidiarrheal properties by reducing intestinal motility [ 47 ]. Maliehe et al [ 52 ] evaluated the antidiarrheal and antimotility activities of methanolic pulp extracts of S. cordatum using castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rats. The fruit pulp extract reduced the number of wet stools, total number of stools and onset time generally in comparison to the negative control (distilled water).…”

“…The fruit pulp extract reduced the number of wet stools, total number of stools and onset time generally in comparison to the negative control (distilled water). Fruit pulp extract, in a dose-related manner (400 mg/kg of rat), exerted the antidiarrheal property by reducing intestinal motility as well [ 52 ]. These findings lend credence to the traditional uses of S. cordatum as remedy for diarrhea [ 1 , 5 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 ], dysentery [ 15 ] and gastro-intestinal complications [ 21 ].…”