Pharmacokinetic fate and pathological effects of¹⁴C‐fumonisin B1 in laying hens

Abstract

Presence of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a major metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, in corn is of great concern to both human and animal health because of its wide range of toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of FB1 was studied in laying hens following oral and intravenous administration of 14C-labelled FB1. After iv dosing (2.0 mg = 23.68 kBq/kg bw) plasma radioactivity underwent a very rapid bi-exponential decline (t1/2 alpha = 2.5 +/- 0.3 min; t1/2 beta = 48.8 +/- 11.2 min) with negligible levels measured after 4-6 hr. Mean value for the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 18.27 ml/kg, apparent volume of central compartment (Vd beta) was 82.20 ml/kg and plasma clearance was 1.18 ml/min/kg. At 24 hr post-dosing only trace residues were present in liver, kidney, and cecum. When dosed by the oral route (2.0 mg = 47.36 kBq/kg bw), systemic absorption of fumonisin appeared to be poor (F = 0.71 +/- 0.5%) with peak plasma concentrations of only 40-145 dpm/ml (equivalent to 28-103 ng FB1 and/or metabolites per ml) between 1.5 and 2.5 hr. At 24 hr post-dosing only trace amounts were present in crop, liver, kidney, small intestine, and cecum. In both orally and iv dosed birds almost all (97.7 +/- 3.73%) of the radioactivity was recovered in excreta by the end of the 24 hr experiment period and no residues were found in eggs laid during the 24 hr post-dosing period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Determination of Fumonisin B1 in animal tissues with immunoaffinity purification

“…Very low concentrations of FB 1 were found in muscles of ducks fed 40 mg FB 1 /kg BW whereas FB 1 was below the LOQ in one animal that received 5 mg/kg BW. These results are in agreement with those previously obtained using 14 C-FB 1 , the muscle being the least contaminated tissue in rat, swine and laying hens [19,20,13]. Only results obtained in monkeys revealed higher concentrations of FB 1 in muscle than in kidney [22,12].…”

“…In both cases, the highest concentrations of FB 1 were obtained for the liver (5.31 and 0.34 g FB 1 /g). This result is in agreement with data obtained in toxicokinetic studies in rat, swine and laying hens using 14 C-FB 1 [18][19][20]13]. It also agrees with the description of the presence of FB 1 in avian livers during a study on food safety in France [14].…”

“…The concentrations of FB 1 in kidneys were lower than those obtained in the liver (1.55 and 0.09 g FB 1 /g). This result is in agreement with toxicokinetic data using 14 C-FB 1 [18][19][20]13]. Only one study reported much higher concentrations of FB 1 in the kidney than in the liver following oral administration of the toxin in rat [21].…”

“…By contrast, measurement of FB 1 in tissues is poorly documented. Moreover, most data concern its toxicokinetics in animals and the data were obtained using radio labelled toxins [12,13]. Theses kinetics reveal a poor absorption and a rapid elimination of FB 1 , suggesting that the persistence of the toxin in tissues after ingestion is weak.…”

Biomarkers of exposure to fumonisin mycotoxins: A review

“…The toxicokinetics of FB 1 have been studied in a number of animal species including laboratory BD IX rats , vervet monkeys (Shephard et al 1994a(Shephard et al , 1995, laying hens (Vudathala et al 1994) and swine . Typically, FB 1 dosed intraperitoneally or intravenously has a short elimination (ß) half-life of 18 min in rats, 40 min in vervet monkeys, 49 min in laying hens and 17 min in bile-cannulated pigs.…”