Pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration and pharmacodynamics of cefquinome in buffalo calves

Abstract

Disposition following single intravenous injection (2 mg/kg) and pharmacodynamics of cefquinome were investigated in buffalo calves 6-8 months of age. Drug levels in plasma were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration-time profile following intravenous administration was best described by a two-compartment open model. Rapid distribution of cefquinome was evident from the short distribution half-life (t ½ α = 0.36 ± 0.01 h), and small apparent volume of distribution (Vd area = 0.31 ± 0.008 L/kg) indicated limited drug distribution in buffalo calves. The values of area under plasma concentration-time curve, elimination half-life (t ½ β ), total body clearance (ClB), and mean residence time were 32.9 ± 0.56 μg · h/mL, 3.56 ± 0.05 h, 60.9 ± 1.09 mL/h/kg, and 4.24 ± 0.09 h, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of cefquinome were 0.035-0.07 and 0.05-0.09 μg/mL, respectively. A single intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg may be effective to maintain the MIC up to 12 h in buffalo calves against the pathogens for which cefquinome is indicated.

Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of cefquinome in buffalo calves

“…The elimination half‐life of cefquinome in this study was 3.73 ± 0.10 hr, which was similar to the t 1/2β following IV administration in buffalo calves (3.56 ± 0.05 hr) (Dinakaran et al., ), cattle (1.5–3 hr) (CVMP, ), and the t 1/2β in 1‐year‐old sheep (3.91 hr) (Uney et al., ), following IM administration.…”

“…The area under the plasma cefquinome concentration curve following IV injection of 2 mg/kg has been reported by the present author (Dinakaran et al., ) in a study conducted along with this study by crossover design model. Hence, the AUC IV for calculation of bioavailability was used from the reported article.…”

“…Cefquinome is one of the fourth‐generation cephalosporins developed exclusively for use in animals and has been used in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, acute mastitis, and foot rot in cattle, calf septicemia, respiratory diseases in pigs, metritis,mastitis, and agalactia syndrome in sows, foal septicemia, and respiratory tract diseases in horses (CVMP, , , ). Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following intramuscular (IM) administration have been reported in lactating cows (Ehinger, Schmidt, & Kietzmann, ), goats (Dumka, Dinakaran, Bibhuti, & Satyavan, ), sheep (Tohamy, ; Uney, Altan, & Elmas, ), and camels (Al‐Taher, ), and the pharmacokinetics following intravenous (IV) administration have been reported in buffalo calves (Dinakaran, Dumka, Ranjan, Balaje, & Sidhu, ), horses (Dumka et al., ) and goats (Dumka et al., ). However, there are no published report on the disposition and bioavailability of cefquinome following IM administration in buffalo calves.…”

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome and ceftriaxone in premature calves

“…In this study, the V dss of CFQ after IV administration in premature calves was 0.37 L/kg, which was slightly higher than that reported in calves aged 6-8 months (0.26 L/kg, Dinakaran et al, 2013). The t 1/2λz and Cl T of CFQ in premature calves were 1.85 ± 0.44 hr and 0.13 ± 0.03 L hr −1 kg −1 , respectively, indicating rapid elimination compared to that in calves aged 6-8 months (t 1/2λz; 3.56 ± 0.05 hr, Cl T; 0.06 L hr −1 kg −1 , Dinakaran et al, 2013). However, the elimination process of CFQ was observed to be delayed in neonatal sheep (Tohamy, 2011).…”

“…Several studies on the PKs of CFQ and CTX have been performed in calves (Dinakaran, Dumka, Ranjan, Balaje, & Sidhu, 2013;Soback & Ziv, 1988); however, no studies have yet determined the PKs of CFQ and CTX in premature calves. To our knowledge, we describe the first PK analysis of CFQ and CTX in premature calves.…”