Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EF) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26°C. The plasma concentrations of EF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. After i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. The elimination half-life (T(1/2β)), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 63.5 h, 239.6 μg·h/mL and 0.04 L/h/kg, respectively. Following p.o. administration, the plasma concentration-time data showed a double peak-shaped curve, indicating the possibility of enterohepatic recirculation of EF in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp. The maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), T(1/2β) and AUC of EF were 4.5 μg/mL, 62.7 h and 205.9 μg·h/mL, respectively. Absorption of EF was very good with a bioavailability (F) of 86%, which could be correlated with the unique structure of the alimentary canal in allogynogenetic silver crucian. CF, an active metabolite of EF, was not detected in this study.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila‐infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…administration of ENR in healthy crucian carps, absorption is rapid ( T max = 0.5 h), which is in agreement with the data ( T max = 0.5 h) reported in grass carp (Xu et al ., ). However, an even longer T max has been described in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp ( T max = 2 h) (Fang et al ., ) and in Korean catfish ( T max = 3.44 h) (Kim et al ., ) after oral administration.…”

“…The half‐life ( T 1/2 λ z = 64.66 h) determined for ENR in healthy fish is similar to those described in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp after oral administration (Fang et al ., ). This is longer than those in sea bass (25.02 h) (Intorre et al ., ), Korean catfish (34.13 h) (Kim et al ., ), and snakehead fish (35.80 h) (Fang et al ., ), but shorter than the value in turbot (98.63 h) (Liang et al ., ).…”

“…The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of ENR (163.04 μg·h/mL) determined in this study from Group 1 is higher than Korean catfish (38.43 μg·h/mL) (Kim et al ., ) and snakehead fish (49.98 μg·h/mL) (Fang et al ., ), but lower than the value reported in crucian carp (205.90 μg·h/mL) (Fang et al ., ) after p.o. administration of ENR at 10 mg/kg.…”

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral, intramuscular and bath administration in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…Samples of water in which the animals were bathed were collected prior to drug administration, at 1 min after drug administration and again at 5 hr. ENR concentrations in water were determined according to a previously reported HPLC method (Fang, Liu, Liu, & Lu, ). Approximately 1 ml of blood was taken from tail sinus of ten fish before treatment and at the following times post‐treatment: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, 216 and 264 hr.…”

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin after single intramuscular injection in Pacific white shrimp

“…() in sea bass. Moreover, CF was not detected in plasma at all in sea bream (Della Rocca et al., ), koi (Lewbart et al., ), brown trout (Koc et al., ), and allogynogenetic silver crucian carp (Fang et al., ). What is the reason for the low transformational rate in these aquatic animals?…”