Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in newborn and one‐week‐old calves

Kaartinen, Liisa; Pyörälä, Satu; Moilanen, Mikko; Räisänen, Simo

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00100.x

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The mean V dss of ENR after IV administration (1.06 L/kg) was smaller than that reported in one‐day‐old calves (1.81 L/kg) and one‐week calves (2.28 L/kg; Kaartinen et al, ). It can be said that ENR has a smaller V dss in the newborn.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The AUC CPR /AUC ENR ratio of 0.69 after the SC administration of ENR has been reported for 4‐ to 5‐month‐old calves (Davis et al, ). Kaartinen et al () have revealed that the conversion of ENR to its metabolites takes longer in newborn calves than in older calves. ENR is metabolized to ciprofloxacin by the liver, and fluoroquinolone metabolism includes the cytochrome P450 system (Martinez et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

Çorum

Altan

Yıldız

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and danofloxacin (DNX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. The study was performed on twenty‐four calves that were determined to be premature by anamnesis and general clinical examination. Premature calves were randomly divided into four groups (six premature calves/group) according to a parallel pharmacokinetic (PK) design as follows: ENR‐IV (10 mg/kg, IV), ENR‐IM (10 mg/kg, IM), DNX‐IV (8 mg/kg, IV), and DNX‐IM (8 mg/kg, IM). Plasma samples were collected for the determination of tested drugs by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector and analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Mean PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) 11.16 and 17.47 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0‐48) 139.75 and 38.90 hr*µg/ml, and volume of distribution at steady‐state 1.06 and 4.45 L/kg, respectively. Total body clearance of ENR and DNX was 0.07 and 0.18 L hr−1 kg−1, respectively. The PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IM injection were t1/2λz 21.10 and 28.41 hr, AUC0‐48 164.34 and 48.32 hr*µg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of ENR and DNX was determined to be 118% and 124%, respectively. The mean AUC0‐48CPR/AUC0‐48ENR ratio was 0.20 and 0.16 after IV and IM administration, respectively, in premature calves. The results showed that ENR (10 mg/kg) and DNX (8 mg/kg) following IV and IM administration produced sufficient plasma concentration for AUC0‐24/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum concentration (Cmax)/MIC ratios for susceptible bacteria, with the MIC90 of 0.5 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. These findings may be helpful in planning the dosage regimen for ENR and DNX, but there is a need for further study in naturally infected premature calves.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

Çorum

Altan

Yıldız

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…The observed pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin indicates that high plasma concentrations are achieved in a short period of time. This rapid reaction time results in a faster response (KAARTINEN et al, 1997). In this study we found a significant reduction of A. marginale rickettsemia 24 hours after treatment with a single dose (7.5 mg.kg -1 ) of enrofloxacin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Effectiveness of enrofloxacin for the treatment of experimentally-induced bovine anaplasmosis

Facury-Filho

Carvalho

Ferreira

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Four groups of six Holstein calves were inoculated with 3.6 × 10 7 erythrocytes parasitized with Anaplasma marginale. The criteria for treatment of calves were increasing A. marginale rickettsemia and 30% reduction of baseline packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal. Group 1 (G1) received 7.5 mg.kg -1 of enrofloxacin in a single dose; Group 2 (G2) 7.5 mg.kg -1 of enrofloxacin twice every three days; Group 3 (G3) 20 mg.kg -1 of long-acting oxytetracycline in a single dose; and Group 4 (G4) a single dose of PBS. Physical examinations, blood smears and PCV were performed daily. On day treatment, G1, G2 and G3 animals had a mean rickettsemia of 17, 23 and 12%, respectively. At 2 days after treatment (DAT) G1 and G2 animals showed a significant reduction of rickettsemia (p < 0.05) compared to G3. G3 animals had high rates of rickettsemia in the first 2 DAT and a slow decrease until stabilization on 9 DAT. The mean PCV in G1 and G2 increased and stabilized after 7 and 8 DAT, respectively. PCV stabilization was achieved in G3 at 13 DAT. Both enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline were effective for the treatment of anaplasmosis, but enrofloxacin was faster reduction of rickettsemia and PCV recuperation (p < 0.05) compared to oxytetracycline Keywords: Anaplasma marginale, enrofloxacin, treatment. ResumoQuatro grupos de seis bezerros da raça Holandesa foram inoculados com 3,6 × 10 7 eritrócitos parasitados com Anaplasma marginale. Os critérios para o tratamento dos bezerros foram aumento da rickettsemia do A. marginale e redução de 30% do valor basal de volume globular (VG) de cada animal. O Grupo 1 (G1) recebeu 7,5 mg.kg -1 de enrofloxacina em dose única; o Grupo 2 (G2), 7,5 mg.kg -1 de enrofloxacina duas vezes a cada três dias; o Grupo 3 (G3), 20 mg.kg -1 de oxitetraciclina de longa ação em dose única; e o Grupo 4 (G4) uma única dose de PBS. Exames físicos, esfregaço sanguíneo e VG foram realizadas diariamente. No dia do tratamento, os animais G1, G2 e G3 apresentaram rickettsemia média de 17, 23 e 12%, respectivamente. Nos primeiros 2 dias após o tratamento (DAT) os animais do G1 e G2 mostraram uma redução significativa de rickettsemia (p < 0,05) em relação ao G3. Animais do G3 tiveram altas taxas de rickettsemia nos 2 DAT e uma diminuição lenta até à estabilização em 9 de DAT. O VG médio no G1 e G2 aumentou e estabilizou após 7 e 8 DAT, respectivamente. A estabilização do VG do G3 foi aos 13 DAT. A enrofloxacina e a oxitetraciclina foram efetivas no tratamento da anaplasmose, mas a enrofloxacina apresentou redução da rickettsemia e recuperação do VG (p < 0,05) mais rápida em comparação com oxitetraciclina.Palavras-chave: Anaplasma marginale, enrofloxacina, tratamento.

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“…For the majority of organisms that are susceptible to ciprofloxacin, the reported MIC values are 0.02-0.3 µg/ml plasma levels that may be accepted as optimal MIC (Alestig 1990;Vance-Bryan et al 1990;Giguère et al 1996;Kaartinen et al 1997;Saini and Srivastava 2001). During the course of therapy, plasma level of an antibiotic should not fall below a minimum inhibitory concentration at the end of a certain dosing interval.…”

Section: Dosage Regimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition Kinetics and Optimal Dosage of Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Domestic Ruminant Species

Javed¹,

Zahid²,

Khan

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the disposition kinetics and optimal dosages of ciprofloxacin in healthy domestic ruminant species including adult female buffalo, cow, sheep and goat. The drug was given as a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg. The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. The biological half-life (t 1/2 ß) was longer in cows (3.25 ± 0.46 h) followed by intermediate values in buffaloes (3.05 ± 0.20 h) and sheep (2.93 ± 0.45 h) and shorter in goats (2.62 ± 0.39 h). The volume of distribution (V d ) in buffaloes was 1.09 ± 0.06 l/kg, cows 1.24 ± 0.16 l/kg, sheep 2.89 ± 0.30 l/kg and goats 3.76 ± 0.92 l/kg. Total body clearance (Cl B ) expressed in l/h/kg was minimum in buffaloes 0.25 ± 0.02 followed by values in cows 0.31 ± 0.02 and sheep 0.75 ± 0.04 and maximum in goats 1.09 ± 0.11.An optimal dosage regimen for 12-h interval consisted of 5.17, 5.62, 6.54 and 6.10 mg/kg body weight as priming and 4.84, 5.37, 6.26 and 5.91 mg/kg body weight as maintenance intramuscular dose in buffalo, cow, sheep and goat, respectively. The manufacturers of ciprofloxacin have claimed 5 mg/kg dose to be repeated after 24 h. However, the investigated dosage regimen may be repeated after 12 h to maintain MIC at the end of the dosage interval. Therefore, it is imperative that an optimal dosage regimen be based on the disposition kinetics data determined in the species and environment in which a drug is to be employed clinically.

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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in newborn and one‐week‐old calves

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

Effectiveness of enrofloxacin for the treatment of experimentally-induced bovine anaplasmosis

Disposition Kinetics and Optimal Dosage of Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Domestic Ruminant Species

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