Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in obese cats

Modric, S., Martinez, M. Patient variation in veterinary medicine – Part II – Influence of physiological variables. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 209–223. In veterinary medicine, the characterization of a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties is generally based upon data that are derived from studies that employ small groups of young healthy animals, often of a single breed. In Part I of the series, we focused on the potential influence of disease processes, stress, pregnancy and lactation on drug pharmacokinetics. In this Part II of the series, we consider other covariates, such as gender, heritable traits, age, body composition, and circadian rhythms. The impact of these factors with respect to predicting the relationship between dose and drug exposure characteristics within an animal population is illustrated through the use of Monte Carlo simulations. Ultimately, an appreciation of these potential influences will improve the prediction of situations when dose adjustments may be appropriate.

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“…Unlike highly lipophilic drugs, hydrophilic compound typically have a lower volume of distribution per kg body weight (Wright et al. , 1991).…”

Section: Physiological Variables That Can Influence Drug Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient variation in veterinary medicine - Part II - Influence of physiological variables

Modrić

Martinez

2010

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…The Vd ss is decreased for the hydrophilic drug gentamicin in obese cats retrospectively compared to lean cats (Wright et al. ). Binding of drugs to albumin appears to be unchanged in obesity, however, some evidence exists that alpha 1 ‐acid glycoprotein binding of basic drugs may be affected (Benedek et al.…”

Section: Pharmacological Differences In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perioperative physiology and pharmacology in the obese small animal patient

Love¹,

Cline²

2015

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin has been studied in a variety of animal species such as cow (Haddad et al, 1986), cat (Wright et al, 1991), dog (Batra et al, 1983), sheep (Brown et al, 1986), turkey and rooster (Pedersoli et al, 1989(Pedersoli et al, , 1990 and hens (Haritova et al, 2004). Gentamicin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (Brown and Riviere, 1991) whereas it is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (i.m.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Broiler Chickens

2007

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The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentamicin sulphate (5 mg/kg body weight) were studied in 50 female broiler chickens after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and oral administration. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (pretreatment), and at 5, 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after drug administration. Gentamicin concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay and Bacillus subtillis ATCC 6633 as a test organism. The limit of quantification was 0.2 microg/ml. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed using non-compartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (t (1/2beta)), the mean residence time (MRT), the volume of distribution at steady state (V (ss)), the volume of distribution (V (d,area)) and the total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 2.93 +/- 0.15 h, 2.08 +/- 0.12 h, 0.77 +/- 0.05 L/kg, 1.68 +/- 0.39 L/kg and 5.06 +/- 0.21 ml/min per kg, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the mean peak plasma concentrations (C (max)) were 11.37 +/- 0.73 and 16.65 +/- 1.36 microg/ml, achieved at a post-injection times (t (max)) of 0.55 +/- 0.05 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 h, respectively. The t (1/2beta) was 2.87 +/- 0.44 and 3.48 +/- 0.37 h, respectively after i.m. and s.c. administration. The V (d,area) and Cl(B) were 1.49 +/- 0.21 L/kg and 6.18 +/- 0.31 ml/min per kg, respectively, after i.m. administration and were 1.43 +/- 0.19 L/kg and 4.7 +/- 0.33 ml/min per kg, respectively, after s.c. administration. The absolute bioavailability (F) of gentamicin after i.m. administration was lower (79%) than that after s.c. administration (100%). Substantial differences in the resultant kinetics data were obtained between i.m. and s.c. administration. The in vitro protein binding of gentamicin in chicken plasma was 6.46%.

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Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in obese cats

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Patient variation in veterinary medicine - Part II - Influence of physiological variables

Patient variation in veterinary medicine - Part II - Influence of physiological variables

Perioperative physiology and pharmacology in the obese small animal patient

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Broiler Chickens

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