Pharmacokinetics of single doses of gentamicin given intravenously and intramuscularly to turkeys

Abstract

The disposition and absorption kinetics of gentamicin were studied in healthy, mature male and female turkeys (n = 10). Single doses of gentamicin (5 mg/kg) were injected either i.v. or i.m. with a 30-day rest period between each treatment. Baseline and serial venous blood samples (n = 17) were collected from each turkey. Serum concentrations of gentamicin were determined in duplicate for 24 h after each treatment, using radio-immunoassay. Using nonlinear least-square regression methods, the combined data of the i.v. and i.m. treatments were best described by a two-compartment open model. Kinetic analysis of the data after a single i.v. dose provided the following mean values: t1/2 alpha = 0.170 +/- 0.093 h, t1/2 beta = 2.57 +/- 0.79 h, MRT = 3.62 +/- 0.96 h, Vc = 0.090 +/- 0.017 l/kg, Vd(ss) = 0.172 +/- 0.024 l/kg, Vd(area) = 0.190 +/- 0.030 l/kg, and Clt = 49.8 +/- 9.8 ml/h/kg. After a single i.m. dose, the following mean values were determined: MRT = 5.10 +/- 1.73 h, t1/2abs = 0.74 +/- 0.66 h, tlag = 0.07 +/- 0.19 h, Clt/F = 50.7 +/- 12.5 ml/h/kg, Vd(area)/F = 0.193 +/- 0.044 l/kg, and F = 102 +/- 21%. Kinetic calculations made with the single i.m. data predicted that an i.m. injection of gentamicin at the dosage rate of 3 mg/kg q. every 12 h would provide average steady state serum concentrations of 4.93 micrograms/ml.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Broiler Chickens

“…The V d,area (1.68 L/kg) indicates the rapid distribution of gentamicin in the body. This according with values reported in calves (Ziv et al, 1982) and is higher than those reported in roosters (Pedersoli et al, 1990) and turkeys (Pedersoli et al, 1989;Haritova et al, 2004). The V ss is an accurate indicator of drug diffusion in the body tissues.…”

“…After i.v. administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg bw), the t 1//2β (2.93 h) was similar to values reported in turkeys (Pedersoli et al, 1989;Haritova et al, 2004) and eagles (Bird et al, 1983) and was different from those found in roosters (Pedersoli et al, 1990). This may due to differences in drug formulation and the gentamicin assay, for which they used radioimmunoassay.…”

“…The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin has been studied in a variety of animal species such as cow (Haddad et al, 1986), cat (Wright et al, 1991), dog (Batra et al, 1983), sheep (Brown et al, 1986), turkey and rooster (Pedersoli et al, 1989(Pedersoli et al, , 1990 and hens (Haritova et al, 2004). Gentamicin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (Brown and Riviere, 1991) whereas it is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (i.m.)…”

Yumurta Tavuklarında Gentamisinin Karşılaştırmalı Farmakokinetiği

“…After all routes of administration of gentamicin, the terminal half-life was higher than values reported in turkeys 12,13 , eagles 14 , roosters 15 and broiler chicks 16 . This may due to differences in drug formulation and the gentamicin assay.…”

“…As shown Table 1, gentamicin is rapidly absorbed after IM and SC administration with C max of 26.64 and 36.92 µg/ mL at 0.75 h. These results are higher than values reported in turkeys 12 , roosters 13 and broiler chicks 14 . This may due to individual differences that interfere with the drug FILAZI, SIRELI, PEHLIVANLAR-ONEN CADIRCI, AKSOY distribution, which will result in delay or acceleration of the drug elimination.…”