Phase Separation and Pattern Formation in a Binary Bose-Einstein Condensate

Sabbatini, Jacopo; Zurek, Wojciech H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.230402

Cited by 113 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Such a setup occurs for different hyperfine levels of 87 Rb, and has been studied at length [15,70,73,74]. The C-field region of the system is described by Bose fields φ j (r) for j = 1, 2.…”

Section: Two-component Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation for spinor and multicomponent condensates

Bradley

Blakie

2014

Phys. Rev. A

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A stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived for partially condensed Bose gas systems subject to binary contact interactions. The theory we present provides a classical-field theory suitable for describing dissipative dynamics and phase transitions of spinor and multi-component Bose gas systems comprised of an arbitrary number of distinct interacting Bose fields. A new class of dissipative processes involving distinguishable particle interchange between coherent and incoherent regions of phase-space is identified. The formalism and its implications are illustrated for two-component mixtures and spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. For systems comprised of atoms of equal mass, with thermal reservoirs that are close to equilibrium, the dissipation rates of the theory are reduced to analytical expressions that may be readily evaluated. The unified treatment of binary contact interactions presented here provides a theory with broad relevance for quasi-equilibrium and far-from-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates.

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Section: Two-component Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation for spinor and multicomponent condensates

Bradley

Blakie

2014

Phys. Rev. A

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“…The latter have been extensively studied, e.g. as binary mixtures in the context of the miscible-immiscible phase transition [26]. It is necessary to consider larger spins because the Hamiltonian (1) differs from a pseudo-spin-1/2 system by the "spin-changing" terms…”

Section: Two-component Bose Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflationary preheating dynamics with two-species condensates

2017

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We discuss the amplification of loop corrections in quantum many-body systems through dynamical instabilities. As an example, we investigate both analytically and numerically a two-component ultracold atom system in one spatial dimension. The model features a tachyonic instability, which incorporates characteristic aspects of the mechanisms for particle production in early-universe inflaton models. We establish a direct correspondence between measureable macroscopic growth rates for occupation numbers of the ultracold Bose gas and the underlying microscopic processes in terms of Feynman loop diagrams. We analyze several existing ultracold atom setups featuring dynamical instabilities and propose optimized protocols for their experimental realization. We demonstrate that relevant dynamical processes can be enhanced using a seeding procedure for unstable modes and clarify the role of initial quantum fluctuations and the generation of a non-linear secondary stage for the amplification of modes.

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“…Experimental evidences have been observed in superfluid 4 He [7,8] and 3 He [9,10], in superconducting films [11] and rings [12][13][14][15][16] and in ion chains [17,18]. Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped cold gases has been considered as an ideal platform for the KZM [19][20][21][22][23]; the system is extremely clean and controllable and particularly suitable for the investigation of interesting effects arising from the spatial inhomogeneities induced by the confinement. Quantized vortices produced in a pancake-shaped condensate by a fast quench across the transition temperature have been already observed [24], but their limited statistics prevented the test of the KZM scaling.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous creation of Kibble–Zurek solitons in a Bose–Einstein condensate

et al. 2013

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When a system crosses a second-order phase transition on a finite timescale, spontaneous symmetry breaking can cause the development of domains with independent order parameters, which then grow and approach each other creating boundary defects. This is known as Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Originally introduced in cosmology, it applies both to classical and quantum phase transitions, in a wide variety of physical systems. Here we report on the spontaneous creation of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. We measure the power-law dependence of defects number with the quench time, and provide a check of the Kibble-Zurek scaling with the sonic horizon. These results provide a promising test bed for the determination of critical exponents in Bose-Einstein condensates.The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the spontaneous formation of defects in systems that cross a second-order phase transition at finite rate [1][2][3][4]. The mechanism was first proposed in the context of cosmology to explain how during the expansion of the early Universe the rapid cooling below a critical temperature induced a cosmological phase transition resulting in the formation domain structures. In fact, the KZM is ubiquitous in nature and regards both classical and quantum phase transitions [5,6]. Experimental evidences have been observed in superfluid 4 He [7,8] and 3 He [9,10], in superconducting films [11] and rings [12][13][14][15][16] and in ion chains [17,18]. Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped cold gases has been considered as an ideal platform for the KZM [19][20][21][22][23]; the system is extremely clean and controllable and particularly suitable for the investigation of interesting effects arising from the spatial inhomogeneities induced by the confinement. Quantized vortices produced in a pancake-shaped condensate by a fast quench across the transition temperature have been already observed [24], but their limited statistics prevented the test of the KZM scaling. The KZM has been studied across the quantum superfluid to Mott insulator transition with atomic gases trapped in optical lattices [25]. Here we report on the observation of solitons resulting from phase defects of the order parameter, spontaneously created in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms. We show that the number of solitons in the final condensate grows according to a power-law as a function of the rate at which the BEC transition is crossed, consistent with the expectations of the KZM, and provide the first check of the KZM scaling with the sonic horizon. We support our observations by comparing the estimated speed of the transition front in the gas to the speed of the sonic causal horizon, showing that solitons are produced in a regime of inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism (IKZM) [21]. Our measurements can open the way to the determination of the critical exponents of the BEC transition in trapped gases, for which so far little information is available [26].The KZM predicts the formation of independen...

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Phase Separation and Pattern Formation in a Binary Bose-Einstein Condensate

Cited by 113 publications

References 52 publications

Stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation for spinor and multicomponent condensates

Stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation for spinor and multicomponent condensates

Inflationary preheating dynamics with two-species condensates

Spontaneous creation of Kibble–Zurek solitons in a Bose–Einstein condensate

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