Phenological growth stages of ‘Barcelona’ hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) described using an extended BBCH scale

Paradinas, Alane; Ramade, Leyla; Mulot-Greffeuille, Camille; Hamidi, Rachid; Thomas, Maud; Toillon, Julien

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110902

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This number of stages seems to be more than those observed in other species. For example, scales for Malus domestica , Dimocarpus longan and Corylus avellana have 41, 41 and 38 stages, respectively (Martínez et al, 2019; Paradinas et al, 2022; Pham et al, 2015). This difference of species‐specific scales appeared to be caused by specificity and the accuracy of the description.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With reference to the BBCH model of woody plants (Finn et al, 2007) and the BBCH model of mono-and dicotyledonous plants (Meier, 2018), the growth and development stages of G. sinensis were divided into eight major stages, beginning with the stage 0 (bud devel- The vegetative and reproductive growth phases of G. sinensis observed with respect to meteorological conditions throughout the study period have been documented at different stages with their specific codes (Table 1, Figures 1-6). Eight principal stages were used to describe the phenology of G. sinensis except stage 2 and stage 4, which were inappropriate for this species, just as the phenological period described in other woody plants, like Sapindus mukorossi (Zhao et al, 2019), Magnolia Â soulangeana (Li et al, 2022), Corylus avellana (Paradinas et al, 2022), Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' (Salinero et al, 2009) and so on. In addition, a total of 64 secondary developmental stages was described here.…”

Section: Adopted Bbch Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, it can meet the special requirements for describing the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant growth, suitable for monocotyledons, dicotyledons and perennials (Finn et al, 2007; Meier, 2018; Meier et al, 2009). Now, it has been widely used to accurately compile and record the growth and development rhythm of many plants, such as peach (Han et al, 2018), prunus (Sakar et al, 2019), hazelnut (Paradinas et al, 2022), mangosteen (Awachare & Upreti, 2020) and bean (Cavalcante et al, 2020). Precise, detailed and standardized phenology research can not only unify the cognition among researchers and increase the communication between researchers and growers around the world (Meier, 2018), but also help plant managers make corresponding management decisions according to the growth laws of plant phenology (Han et al, 2018; Paradinas et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenological growth stages of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fabaceae) using the extended BBCH scale

Liu

Liu³

et al. 2023

Annals of Applied Biology

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Gleditsia sinensis is a species endemic to China, an ecologically economic multipurpose tree with great development potential, which could be used as medicine, food, industrial materials and wood. It is well known that the standardized description of plant development stages according to their phenological characteristics not only is crucial for conduct various agronomic practices, but also facilitate the exchange of new findings based on the same understanding of the plant. However, a uniform phenology scale of G. sinensis has rarely been reported, despite its expanding plant area and rapid development of this industry over the past few years. Thus, phenological events of G. sinensis were monitored based on the BBCH scale during two consecutive years in this study. Eight of the ten BBCH stages described in detail by combining numbers and letters based on its species characteristic were accurately recorded, including bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), inflorescence emergence (5), flowering (6), fruit development (7), maturity of fruit (8) and senescence (9). As far as we know, it is the first time that a special phenological rhythm for G. sinensis has been developed using an extend BBCH scale, which not only provides the basis for other basic research, but also assists growers in conducting planting management practices.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adopted Bbch Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenological growth stages of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fabaceae) using the extended BBCH scale

Liu

Liu³

et al. 2023

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…The BBCH codification scale has been widely used to describe plant growth stages in various fruit trees [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], more commonly in northern latitudes. Although the BBCH scale of black (M. nigra) mulberry was established in a Mediterranean climate by Sánchez-Salcedo et al [33], the other main Morus species, especially the most popular M. alba species, were not described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Phenological Growth Stages of Four Morus Species Based on the Extended BBCH-Scale and Its Application in Fruit Development with Morphological Profiles and Color Characteristics

Zhang

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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Mulberry (Morus L.; Moraceae; Rosales) is an economically important tree with a long history in China and valued for its rich nutrient, flavor content, medicinal value and useful ecological functions. Morus species are widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North and South America and Africa and exhibit obvious differences in morphological characteristics and phenological stages due to being distributed in diverse climate zones. The morphological description of the phenological stages of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) has been established in Mediterranean climates and this study extended the BBCH scale for application in different Morus species, especially for mulberry trees grown in subtropical monsoon climates. In this study, we used the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische Industrie) scale to describe in detail the phenological growth stages for Morus species in Wuhan, China (a subtropical monsoon climate). Based on this general scale, eight principal stages, i.e., bud, leaf and shoot development stage, inflorescence emergence stage, flowering stage, fruit development stage, fruit maturation stage, senescence and beginning of dormancy stage, were described. We provide photographic images of some primary and secondary developmental stages to better define and standardize morphological characteristics and phenological descriptions of these mulberries (Morus spp.). In addition, because the color of mulberry fruit varies from white, purple, black, or pink to red at maturity, with mostly monosexual flowers, we have also presented detailed descriptions of morphological traits of flower sexuality and fruit color among these four species. In addition, two late phenological germplasms (late bud sprouting associated with late blooming and late fruit ripening) were screened out according to the BBCH scale. Overall, this study will contribute to advance the field of mulberry breeding and implementation of agronomic practices and facilitate convenient communication between mulberry cultivators and researchers in different areas.

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“…Defective hazelnuts (Dh), which are the last step in the relational diagram, are the result of the infection cycle. We computed the Dh cumulative index (Dh-I) following the described steps and using georeferenced meteorological data from 1 January to BBCH81 (when from 10% to 50% of the hazelnut shells changed colour [31]) and BBCH89 (when the nuts separated from the husks at the basal scar, the basal scar turned brown, and the nuts fell to the ground [31]).…”

Section: Defective Hazelnut Rate (Dhr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

DEFHAZ: A Mechanistic Weather-Driven Predictive Model for Diaporthe eres Infection and Defective Hazelnut Outbreaks

Leggieri

Arciuolo

Chiusa

et al. 2022

Plants

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The browning of the internal tissues of hazelnut kernels, which are visible when the nuts are cut in half, as well as the discolouration and brown spots on the kernel surface, are important defects that are mainly attributed to Diaporthe eres. The knowledge regarding the Diaporthe eres infection cycle and its interaction with hazelnut crops is incomplete. Nevertheless, we developed a mechanistic model called DEFHAZ. We considered georeferenced data on the occurrence of hazelnut defects from 2013 to 2020 from orchards in the Caucasus region and Turkey, supported by meteorological data, to run and validate the model. The predictive model inputs are the hourly meteorological data (air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall), and the model output is the cumulative index (Dh-I), which we computed daily during the growing season till ripening/harvest time. We established the probability function, with a threshold of 1% of defective hazelnuts, to define the defect occurrence risk. We compared the predictions at early and full ripening with the observed data at the corresponding crop growth stages. In addition, we compared the predictions at early ripening with the defects observed at full ripening. Overall, the correct predictions were >80%, with <16% false negatives, which confirmed the model accuracy in predicting hazelnut defects, even in advance of the harvest. The DEFHAZ model could become a valuable support for hazelnut stakeholders.

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Phenological growth stages of ‘Barcelona’ hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) described using an extended BBCH scale

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Phenological growth stages of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fabaceae) using the extended BBCH scale

Phenological growth stages of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fabaceae) using the extended BBCH scale

Identification of Phenological Growth Stages of Four Morus Species Based on the Extended BBCH-Scale and Its Application in Fruit Development with Morphological Profiles and Color Characteristics

DEFHAZ: A Mechanistic Weather-Driven Predictive Model for Diaporthe eres Infection and Defective Hazelnut Outbreaks

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