Phenoxyherbicides induce production of free radicals in human erythrocytes: Oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescine and dihydrorhodamine 123 by 2,4-D-Na and MCPA-Na

Bukowska, Bożena; Rychlik, Błażej; Krokosz, Anita; Michałowicz, Jaromir

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.011

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Also, they much more easily penetrate the cell membrane. Bukowska et al (2008) proposed a metabolic reaction chain that explains the mechanism of action of 2,4-D in vivo. The authors have noted that the prooxidative capability of this herbicide are related with its hydrolysis to 2,4-dichlorophenol that may generate radicals oxidizing H 2 DCF, marker of oxidative status of the cells.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

Tayeb¹,

Nakbi²,

Chaieb³

et al. 2012

Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants

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Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

Tayeb¹,

Nakbi²,

Chaieb³

et al. 2012

Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants

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“…The content of the cell membrane proteins SDS-PAGE was used to evaluate changes in the content of erythrocytes membrane proteins after treatment of the cells with 2,4-D-Na, 2,4,5-T-Na and MCPA-Na. The compounds studied were used at concentration of 2 mM, which was chosen on the basis of our earlier investigations (Duchnowicz et al 2005;Bukowska & Hutnik 2006;Bukowska et al 2008). The electrophoresis gels were measured densitometrically and then the content of protein fractions was evaluated.…”

Section: Membrane Fluiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, previous studies showed that phenoxyherbicides provoked oxidative damage and induced reactive oxygen species formation in human erythrocytes (Bukowska et al 2008). Furthermore, discussed compounds induced lipid and protein peroxidation in red blood cells (Duchnowicz et al 2005;Bukowska et al 2008). The studies conducted by Suwalsky et al (1996) and Bukowska (2004) also illustrated that phenoxyherbicides induced morphological changes in human erythrocytes, which resulted in a formation of echinocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It was also revealed that these compounds oxidized haemoglobin (Duchnowicz et al 2002). Moreover, previous studies showed that phenoxyherbicides provoked oxidative damage and induced reactive oxygen species formation in human erythrocytes (Bukowska et al 2008). Furthermore, discussed compounds induced lipid and protein peroxidation in red blood cells (Duchnowicz et al 2005;Bukowska et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparison of the effect of phenoxyherbicides on human erythrocyte membrane (in vitro)

et al. 2011

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The molecular mechanisms of phenoxyherbicides action in animals have been insufficiently studied. Now, we have investigated the interaction of sodium salts of phenoxyherbicides, e.g., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D-Na), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T-Na) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA-Na) with human erythrocytes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of these compounds on erythrocyte membrane fluidity as well as changes in membrane proteins content. It was observed that all of the compounds studied altered membrane fluidity, changed the size and shape of the erythrocytes and provoked echinocytes formation. It was also revealed that 2,4-D-Na and 2,4,5-T-Na changed the content of erythrocyte membrane proteins mainly by a decrease in the level of spectrin and low molecular weight proteins. The comparison of the action of phenoxyherbicides examined showed that 2,4,5-T-Na caused the greatest changes in the erythrocytes membrane, whereas MCPA-Na induced the lowest alterations in the incubated cells. It must be noted that changes of the investigated parameters were observed only at presence of significant concentrations of these compounds that may penetrate human organism only as a result of acute poisoning.

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“…It is difficult to extract them after reaction, many sulfur compounds have arduous properties like smell, metal halogens hydrolyze with water affording hydrogen chloride which is responsible for corrosion, it is impossible to reuse them, which makes the costs of the production increase 20,21 . Moszczyñski, Bia³ek and others patented the synthesis of 2,4-DCP of high purity 95% with the use of a catalytic complex, which contains Lewis acid and bivalent sulfur compounds 22 . Another problem appearing in the production of 2,4-dichlorophenol are trace contaminants of high toxicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological aspects of the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Białek

Moszczyński

2009

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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Technological aspects of the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol The main factors influencing the selectivity of chlorophenols synthesis were described. The loss of raw materials and the composition of wastes obtained in a conventional technology of 2,4-D production based on 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) of the 89% purity were presented. The influence of some homogenous catalysts on the selectivity of 2,4-dichlorophenol obtained in phenol and chlorine reaction was examined. Using the combined catalyst enables to chlorinate selectively the monochlorophenols to 2,4-DCP without an undesirable increasing of the 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol contents. The catalyst transformations during the reaction of phenol chlorination were investigated and the method of its elimination after the reaction was elaborated.

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Phenoxyherbicides induce production of free radicals in human erythrocytes: Oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescine and dihydrorhodamine 123 by 2,4-D-Na and MCPA-Na

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

Comparison of the effect of phenoxyherbicides on human erythrocyte membrane (in vitro)

Technological aspects of the synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenol

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