Phenylpropanoids in Agastache foeniculum and Its Cultivar A. foeniculum ‘Golden Jubilee’

Abstract

Agastache rugosa Kuntze is a perennial herb of the mint family (labiatae) that is widely distributed throughout east Asian countries. This plant is a widespread herb that has been used as a wild vegetable and herbal drug in traditional therapies in Korea 1. The leaves of A. rugosa are used in cooking to season fish-based foods and its flowers are a prime source of nectar for honey 2-4. Studies have indicated that A. rugosa has a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-HIV integration activities and antifungal effects 5-6. Extracts of A. rugosa are also believed to be valuable in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced disorders 7-8. Another species in the genus Agastache. Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze, is also a perennial herb. This herb originates from the north-central and northern regions of North America and was traditionally used by Native Americans as a medicine to treat coughs, fevers, wounds and diarrhea. The special feature of this herb is its anise-scented leaves, which are used as a seasoning to prepare tea and in potpourri. Moreover, the characteristic purple flower spike attracts bees, which collect the nectar to make a fragrant honey 9,10 .

Volatilomic Analysis of Four Edible Flowers from Agastache Genus

“…All four flowers showed higher TPC and TF values than other species belonging to Agastache genus (A. foeniculum and A. rugosa) [39], as well as other members of the Lamiaceae family (Salvia splendens and Lamium album) [20,40,41]. In literature, it was reported that the Agastache flowers contain interesting phenolic compounds and flavone glycosides, such as rosmarinic acid, acacetin and tilianin, with variation among different species and cultivars [42].…”

Comparative Study of Useful Compounds Extracted from Lophanthus anisatus by Green Extraction

“…From the results presented in Table 4 regarding the composition in various polyphenols determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), higher concentrations could be observed in rosmarinic acid (a phytochemical compound with real anticancer properties), as reported by Woo Tae Park (2014) [39]. The samples obtained in the first stage of extraction with supercritical CO 2 contained rosmarinic acid between 227 and 279 mg/100 g of dried plant.…”

“…The largest amount of polyphenols was present in Lophanthus anisatus leaves, followed by flowers, and the whole plant (without roots), a fact confirmed by all three types of extractions. In the literature, strong differences in composition have been reported between the different parts of Lophanthus anisatus plant [38,39]. The use of the SFE method favors the extraction of polyphenols, followed by bio alcohol extraction and extraction with distilled water.…”

“…Differentiation of carotenoid content on different parts of the plant was presented by Chae (2013) [38]. The content of Phenylpropanoids (mainly rosmarinic acid, tilianin, and acacetin, in different parts of the plant Agastache foeniculum, and Agastache foeniculum 'Golden Jubilee' was presented by Woo Tae Park (2014) [39]. Rosmarinic acid accumulation was higher in the roots of both species, compared to the flower, leaf and stem.…”

“…The phytochemistry of aromatic and medicinal plants from the genus Agastache has been presented in detail by many authors [10,17,19,23,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. It was shown that molecules such as estragole, 1,8-cineole, terpineol-4, and g-terpinene have antifungal activity against Trichophyton erinacei, T. menta grophytes; T. rubrum; T. schoenleinii; and T. soudanense [40,48].…”