Phospholipid alterations in the brain and heart in a rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation

Abstract

Cardiac arrest (CA) induces whole-body ischemia, causing damage to multiple organs. Ischemic damage to the brain is mainly responsible for patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for brain damage is not understood. Prior studies have provided evidence that degradation of membrane phospholipids plays key roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study is to correlate organ damage to phospholipid alterations following 30 min asphyxia-induced CA or CA followed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) resuscitation using a rat model. Following 30 min CA and CPB resuscitation, rats showed no brain function, moderately compromised heart function, and died within a few hours; typical outcomes of severe CA. However, we did not find any significant change in the content or composition of phospholipids in either tissue following 30 min CA or CA followed by CPB resuscitation. We found a moderate increase in lysophosphatidylinositol in both tissues, and a small increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine only in brain tissue following CA. CPB resuscitation significantly decreased lysophosphatidylinositol but did not alter the other lyso species. These results indicate that a decrease in phospholipids is not a cause of brain damage in CA or a characteristic of brain ischemia. However, a significant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine found only in the brain with more damage suggests that impaired phospholipid metabolism may be correlated with the severity of ischemia in CA. In addition, the unique response of lysophosphatidylinositol suggests that phosphatidylinositol metabolism is highly sensitive to cellular conditions altered by ischemia and resuscitation.

The Responses of Tissues from the Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Liver to Resuscitation following Prolonged Cardiac Arrest by Examining Mitochondrial Respiration in Rats

“…Cardiac data on heart function following CA and CPB resuscitation is similar to our previously reported data ( Figure 1 ) [ 16 , 17 ]. Within 5 min of asphyxia, mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell below 10 mmHg and heart rate (HR) and pulse pressure (PP) became essentially zero.…”

Relative Ratios Enhance the Diagnostic Power of Phospholipids in Distinguishing Benign and Cancerous Ovarian Masses

“…Obtained data was processed using Thermo X-calibur software (version 2.2) [31]. Retention time and MS and MS/MS data were compared to the control to identify individual species [18].…”

DHA-supplemented diet increases the survival of rats following asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation

“…To assess the dietary effects of DHA on the phospholipid composition, PE was extracted from the heart and analyzed following a previously published method4748. Briefly, heart tissue was pulverized under liquid nitrogen and extracted for lipids using Christianson’s method49.…”

“…Phospholipids were separated from the lipid mixture by solid phase extraction. HPLC-MS data were obtained with a LTQ Velos spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) and processed using X-calibur software (Version 2.2) following previously reported methods4748.…”